Light Yagami
Main article: Light Yagami
The main character of Death Note, Light is an extremely intelligent but bored 17-year old student. When he finds the Death Note, dropped in the human world by the shinigami Ryuk, he decides to use it to kill all criminals and earns the title Kira. His ultimate goal is to cleanse the world of evil to create a world without criminals and then reign over this new world as its "god."
L
Main article: L (Death Note)
L is the world's top-rated detective and tasked with tracking down and arresting Kira. He often takes drastic strategies to confuse and force the hand of his opponents, and his disheveled appearance disguises his brilliance. He enjoys sugar, and in nearly every scene including him, he is found eating cake or confectionery and drinking highly sweetened tea. His real name is L Lawliet.
Misa Amane
Main article: Misa Amane
A girl with an immense crush on Kira, Misa is a popular Japanese idol. She is immature and tends to refer to herself in the third person in an attempt to be cute. She is completely devoted to Light, saying that she loved him at first sight, although the feeling is hardly mutual- since Light merely views her as a rather annoying asset. In the manga version, she kills herself after Light's death, which is implied in the anime's finale. What happens to her after the film version is uncertain- the only remaining characters whose fates are revealed are L and the Yagami family- although she is still devastated when Light is killed.
Near
Main article: Near (Death Note)
A calm and stoic character that appears in the second half of the series. In the anime and manga versions, Near is a primary candidate to become L's successor and calls himself N during the course of his investigations. He shares a number of similarities with L. Much like how L plays with things such as sugar cubes and forks, Near is frequently shown playing with toys or hair, and he is constantly shown sitting in an unusual manner. After L's death, he was asked to join forces with Mello, who refused (it is explained that Near lacks the emotional insight to beat L, while Mello is too emotional and impulsive). Near then gained the support of the Government of the United States and formed the Secret Provision for Kira (SPK). In the 'extra' manga story, set after the end of the series, Near states that, while he respects Light's drive for justice, he can never find his 'Kira' actions excusable. His real name is Nate River. :In the film L: Change the World L grants the name "Near" to a Thai boy who is a mathematical genius; L intends for Near to succeed him.[2]
Mello
Main article: Mello (Death Note)
Mello, a character present in the anime and manga versions, was an orphan who grew up with Near and Matt in Wammy's House, Watari's shelter for "gifted" children. Like Near and Matt, Mello was one of the candidates to become L's successor. Similar to L's fondness for sweets, he is often seen eating bars of chocolate. Although Mello is quite intelligent, he often lets his emotions get the better of him. His goal in life is to surpass L and Near. His real name is Mihael Keehl.
Shinigami
Main article: Shinigami (Death Note)
Shinigami, or Death Gods, are demon-like beings who live in the Shinigami realm. Shinigami are functionally immortal, able to extend their lives indefinitely by writing the names of humans in their Death Notes. By writing the name of a human whose fated time of death has not yet come, Shinigami have their lifespan increased by the amount that human would have lived (e.g. a forty-year-old who would have lived to the age of sixty would yield twenty years). As Ryuk describes it, life in the Shinigami realm is incredibly dull; Shinigami do little more than gamble constantly, and using the Death Note is considered something workaholics do. The main Shinigami featured in the series are Ryuk, Rem and Sidoh. The only way to kill a shinigami is through love. (e.g. If a human had a set fate to die from a murder and a shinigami kills the murderer the shinigami will then turn to dust and evaporate. Just as Gelus and Rem did)
Supporting characters
Kira Investigation Team
Soichiro Yagami
Soichiro Yagami, designed by Takeshi Obata to look like a "stereotypical detective."
Soichiro Yagami (夜神 総一郎, Yagami Sōichirō?) is Light's father and a police officer that initially leads the Kira investigation team that later joins with L. He is voiced by Naoya Uchida in the Japanese anime and Chris Britton in the English dub. When L begins to suspect Light of being Kira, Soichiro is unwilling to believe his son would be capable of such a thing. After L's death, he is sent to retrieve the Death Note stolen by Mello by obtaining Shinigami Eyes and infiltrate Mello's hideout, though Light had planned for Matsuda to fill the role.[3] He retrieves the note and learns Mello's real name, but is unable to kill him, and is instead fatally wounded. Because Light has given up his Death Note, making his lifespan visible above his head, Soichiro dies believing that Light is not Kira. In the film, Soichiro, portrayed by Takeshi Kaga, survives- discovering that Light is Kira and holding him as he dies- but chooses to hide the knowledge from his family.
Soichiro was envisioned as an "honest police officer with a strong sense of justice" that the reader "would have to feel sorry for everything he has to go through." Though Ohba did not want Soichiro to die, the writer felt that he had to because the character's continued existence would have interfered with too many of the already set up plot points. He did not want Light to kill him, so he wrote Soichiro's death as an accident.[3] Obata designed Soichiro to look like a "stereotypical detective", retaining the mustache and glasses found in Ohba's concepts. Over the course of the series, he changes visibly by losing weight and aging poorly- particularly during his and Light's confinement.[4] Both Ohba and Obata found Soichiro to be the most pure character, and Ohba personally found him to be the third strongest character in the series "besides Light." His birthday is July 12, 1955.[5][6][7]
Touta Matsuda
Touta Matsuda
Touta Matsuda (松田 桃太, Matsuda Tōta?, romanized as "Tota Matsuda" in the Japanese versions of the manga) is the youngest member of the Kira investigation team. His alias is Taro Matsui (松井 太郎, Matsui Tarō?).
Matsuda has the drive to match the other members of the team, but his lack of experience sometimes hinders the investigation. He is described as a "typical young man" who is "easy to get along with" and feels "very excited about trends and gossip;" often listening in on Light's intimate conversations with Misa and later Takada for the sake of gossip rather than the investigation. He becomes quite fond of Light, as noted by Hideki Ide at the series' conclusion. As for Misa, Matsuda often shows that he is a massive fan of hers, becoming quite upset when his death is faked and he can no longer work as her 'manager'. It is hinted that Matsuda has an inferiority complex regarding his detective ability, and many of his coworkers feel annoyed by his behavior.[8] Matsuda's "risky moves" sometimes place him in danger, and his "quick thinking" sometimes aids the investigation, such as his actions in the Yotsuba case that lead to Higuchi's detainment. Matsuda likes Light and believes that he is not Kira, but at the end of the series he severely wounds Light by shooting him during the final showdown.[8] Matsuda is voiced by Ryō Naitō in the Japanese anime and Vincent Tong in the English dub. In the film, he is played by Sota Aoyama. Matsuda stars in a Death Note film version special, aired on Japanese television, that takes place after Light's death; in it Matsuda has to come to terms with L's eventual death.[9]
Ohba describes Matsuda as a "very simple guy" easily used in the story.[10] Matsuda is very useful as a character because he acts only on his emotions, which according to Ohba is "probably" why he survives.[11] Despite working to capture Kira, Matsuda admits that he is not entirely sure whether or not the death of criminals is such a bad thing, though he does not let it get in the way of his work; even in the epilogue of the manga he still struggles with determining whether or not he did the right thing in siding with Near. This trait was given to him because Ohba felt that any group would have at least one individual who supports Kira to help balance it.[10] Obata described Matsuda as "hard to predict and thus hard to draw." Obata felt that Matsuda's character concept consisted of an "average young detective", and that because Matsuda's character was not unique and his actions were not consistent, something Obata sees in himself, he did not like the character or how it pointed out his "own inconsistency."[4][12] Obata described Matsuda as the sole character who "looks younger" during the Near and Mello arc.[4] His birthday is December 14, 1978.[8]
Shuichi Aizawa
Shuichi Aizawa (相沢 周市, Aizawa Shūichi?) is a member of the Kira investigation team that leaves the team under the guise of needing to support his family because the Japanese police cut their funding (it is only after he leaves that it is revealed that L would have supported them had he stayed). Aizawa uses the alias Aihara (相原?) to protect his identity. Aizawa returns after L's death, where he is one of the first to suspect Light of being Kira (although he continues to act compassionately towards Light until he is cornered, and goes mad), and helps contribute to his eventual defeat. He becomes the leader of the investigation team afterwards. Ohba decided to make Aizawa the chief of the NPA because he did not want to create a new character in the final chapter, and because he felt that Aizawa is the best candidate because of his connections to the police and Near.[13] His birthday is May 11, 1969. He is voiced by Keiji Fujiwara in the Japanese anime and Trevor Devall in the English dub. In the film, he is played by Tatsuhito Okuda.
Kanzo Mogi
Kanzo Mogi (模木 完造, Mogi Kanzō?) is one of the most dedicated members of the Kira investigation team, but also one of the most reserved. Mogi rarely speaks, even when someone presents an opinion he agrees with. Despite this, perhaps even because of this, he is a particularly good detective. He is shown to be an excellent actor, becoming an excited and cheery manager for Misa on demand and in seeming contradiction to his usual demeanor. He appears to be fond of Misa, as is seen when he worries that Misa's comments about Takada could get her killed. The feeling is probably mutual, since Misa is happy to have him stay with her, and nicknames him 'Motchi'. Mogi uses the alias Kanichi Moji (模地 幹一, Moji Kan'ichi?) to protect his identity. He is voiced by Kazuya Nakai in the Japanese anime and John Murphy in the English dub. Ironically, in the second film (in which he is played by Shin Shimizu), he is killed by Misa in her first Sakura TV broadcast (in the manga and anime, it is Ukita who is killed at this point).
Mogi was originally introduced to "fill the cast", though Ohba later planned to use Mogi for "something really amazing" and "surprising" since Mogi is a "silent type."[10] Obata also did not think of Mogi as important, so Mogi's design was not very clear.[14] While trying to decide who would become the new NPA chief at the end of the series, Ohba felt that Mogi would be inclined to stick with Near. His birthday is September 13, 1973.[13]
Hideki Ide
Hideki Ide (伊出 英基, Ide Hideki?), appearing in the anime and manga, is one of the few police officers who remains with Soichiro during the Kira Investigation. He initially leaves when he disagrees with L's methods. Ide later returns and plays a relatively minor role in the Kira investigative team. He helps coordinate their efforts, and performs actions such as organizing a blockade of police cars to trap Higuchi. Later, after L's death, he rejoins the investigation, though he states that he only did so to be with Aizawa. Ide trusts Light more than any of the other Task Force members, except for Light's father. He is voiced by Hideo Ishikawa in the Japanese anime and Brian Dobson in the English dub.
Ohba said that Ide reappeared since Ohba wanted to use Ide during the Higuchi arrest; according to Ohba having Ide reappear would create "a nice solidarity scene" and that using more characters would make the arrest "better."[10] Obata said that he liked Ide because he could understand the mental process of Ide leaving and rejoining the team. Obata said that he finds it easier to draw characters that reveal their motivations for their actions.[14]
Hirokazu Ukita
Hirokazu Ukita (宇生田 広数, Ukita Hirokazu?) is a member of the Kira investigation team that is led by L. He is characterized as being "young" and "brave" and he smokes a lot of cigarettes.[15] When Misa has Sakura TV (さくらTV?) broadcast a message from her as Kira, Ukita rushes to the station to stop the broadcast without any prompting by the rest of the team. Since Misa has the Shinigami Eyes, she kills Ukita as soon as he approaches the door. He is voiced by Hidenobu Kiuchi in the Japanese anime and Jeremy From in the English dub. In the film, where he is portrayed by Ikuji Nakamura, he survives with Mogi replacing him as Misa's victim.
Ohba killed Ukita because he happened to have Ukita appear at Sakura TV. Ohba said that he did not choose Matsuda as Matsuda was "useful" and that he planned to use Mogi for "something big," so he chose between Aizawa and Ukita.[16] Obata found Ukita easy to draw because Ukita is an "emotional and easy-to-understand". He did not know that Ukita was to die, so he was surprised after learning about it. His birthday is November 9, 1977.[14]
Watari
Watari
Watari (ワタリ?) is L's assistant, providing logistics to the investigation team. Before the team is formed, he is the only person who has seen L, and the only one capable of contacting L directly. Like L, he represents himself with an Old English "W" on computer screens. He is also a fatherly figure to L. On the surface he is Quillsh Wammy (キルシュ・ワイミー, Kirushu Waimī?), a famous inventor and founder of Wammy's House, an orphanage for gifted children in Winchester, England. Watari is well trained in espionage and marksmanship. Rem kills Watari, along with L, in order to protect Misa. At the end of the manga, Roger Ruvie, the manager of Wammy House, becomes the new Watari for the third L, Near. He is voiced by Kiyoshi Kobayashi in the Japanese anime and French Tickner in the English dub (except for the film, in which Ron Halder takes over). In the film, he is played by Shunji Fujimura, who felt that Watari's presence would "come alive" if he projected "the mood of this mysterious old gentleman without the air of livelihood."[17]
Watari's name was originally going to be "Shadow" in reference to being L's shadow, but the editor disapproved, which lead to the name "Watari", which references his role as a handler.[18] The design team decided on Watari's design during the second chapter. Obata did not put much thought into Watari's disguise because his face did not appear, but afterwards, the rough drafts had Watari as an elderly man with a single strip of hair. Obata decided to keep him as an old man because older characters were more fun to draw than youger ones because of the "weird angles" that could be created with their wrinkles, while younger characters may be designed as "attractive, normal, or ugly." Obata likes leather coats, so he had Watari wear one. [19] Watari is Obata's third favorite human character because he likes older characters and that because Watari "seemed to be hiding a lot of ability" and "had depth." His birthday is May 1, 1933 (1936 in the anime).[7]
Kiyomi Takada
Kiyomi Takada
Kiyomi Takada (高田 清美, Takada Kiyomi?) first appears for a short period as Light's classmate and girlfriend; Light appeared with Takada in public to disguise the fact that he also conversed with Misa.[11] Takada is a popular girl also known as "Miss To-Oh", short for To-Oh University, or "'Refined' Takada". She returns later in the story as an announcer of NHN chosen by Mikami to be Kira's spokesperson to the world. Light eventually romances her in order to covertly deliver messages to Mikami, and have her use pages of the Death Note to judge criminals as part of Light's plan. Takada dislikes Misa and suggests to Light that he should kill Misa on several occasions.[20] She is eventually kidnapped by Mello, whom she kills, before Light kills her. As a university student, she is voiced by Masumi Okamura in the Japanese version and Heather Doerksen in the English dub. The older version of the character is voiced by Maaya Sakamoto, although the voice actress for the English dub did not change.
Takada was created as a character that would go well with Light, which is why she was given her school idol identity.[11] Ohba felt that because of her "normal name" her unplanned death added unpredictability to the series.[1] Takada was originally going to be reintroduced at the same time as Mello and Near, but Ohba forgot about her until he prepared for a Shonen Jump interview.[21] He felt that he may have reintroduced Takada because he could not forget the "refined Takada."[21] Obata felt that he did not put much thought into Takada's university student design because he has difficulty designing female characters. He found the process of aging Takada difficult because he could not get the design to "look like her." In contrast to Misa's wardrobe, he gave Takada formal clothing to go with her job as a newscaster. Her birthday is July 12, 1985.[22]
In the film, she is played by Nana Katase, filling the "Higuchi" role in the film. When Rem gives her the Death Note, Takada kills a rival anchorwoman to become the lead anchor, although she does continue to kill criminals as instructed by Light via Rem. When she is arrested, Light kills her in order to regain ownership of the Note, although his action goes unnoticed by the other investigators. Shusuke Kaneko, director of the film, said that the film Takada bears importance in "reminding us the satanic power of the Death Note." Nana Katase, who read all of the Death Note volumes, describes her scenes, including those portrayed on video monitors, as "terrifying." Katase says that she and the film Takada have "a strong sense of justice," but that Katase personally would not kill anyone based on those ideals.[23]
In the Japanese Rewrite 2 special, Light's meeting with Takada and Mikami is moved to earlier than it occurred in the anime and manga, as the mafia plot is omitted. As such, it is instead Takada and Mikami who kill the SPK.
Kyosuke Higuchi
Kyosuke Higuchi (火口 卿介, Higuchi Kyōsuke?) is the third "Kira," receiving the Death Note from Rem, who was instructed to give it to a "greedy," "forceful," and "selfish" individual who would use the Death Note to attain a higher status that was out of his reach.[24].[25] He was the head of Technology Development at the Yotsuba Corporation, and is part of the Yotsuba Group, eight members of the Yotsuba Corporation that use the Death Note to kill individuals from competing companies to dominate the business industry.
When he receives the Death Note, he is instructed by Rem to carry out routine killings of criminals, then do whatever he pleases with the Note outside of the killings. He then meets weekly with the rest of the Yotsuba Group to discuss the killing of key individuals from competing companies to maintain dominance in the business industry. While they realize that one of them is Kira, they do not know it is Higuchi. During L's probe on the group, Higuchi kills Hatori after Hatori produced a "careless outburst."[26] Rem aids the capture of Higuchi by revealing his identity to Misa. Misa reveals her admiration of Kira and uses her status as the second Kira to get him to propose to her and admit to being Kira on tape.
He is then betrayed by his fellow Yotsuba Group members, which involves Matsuda appearing on Sakura TV to reveal that Higuchi is Kira. This leads to him acquiring the Shingami Eyes, and he uses them to evade the police for a short time on his way to Sakura TV. However, he is eventually thwarted by a masked police blockade set up by L's task force. He attempts to suicide so he won't get caught, but Watari uses his expert marksmenship to shoot the gun out of his hand. He then reveals to everyone the existence of Death Notes. Light touches the Death Note while inspecting it, thereby regaining his memories of being the real Kira. Light then uses a Death Note scrap hidden in his watch to kill Higuchi.[27] He is voiced by Issei Futamata in the Japanese version, and Andrew Kavadas in the English version.
Ohba selected Higuchi to be Kira for several reasons. Most of the other members of the Yotsuba group had already been used as "red herrings" and other roles that ruled them out in Ohba's mind. Higuchi was chosen through the process of elimination, using his greed as a criterion to fit the Yotsuba Kira's mold.[28]
Tom S. Pepirium, an editor of IGN website, describes Higuchi in a review of the Death Note episode "Performance" as having "more in common with Cobra Commander than anyone from Death Note, announcing his nefarious plans to no one in particular. Even throwing in a few evil chuckles for good measure." [29]
Teru Mikami
The character design of Teru Mikami was modeled on Taro Kagami from the pilot
Teru Mikami (魅上 照, Mikami Teru?) is a criminal prosecutor, fanatical supporter of Kira, and the fourth Kira. Mikami is selected as the new Kira by Light, purely based on his intuition, when he needs a new Kira proxy to hide his identity.[30] He has a sense of righteousness that stems from his childhood, though his perspective was warped over the years.[31] Mikami wishes to punish those he considers to be evil, (which, to Light's dismay, includes unproductive people and reformed criminals), and worships Kira as a God. Mikami mutters "delete" (削除, sakujo?) repeatedly to himself while writing in the Death Note, which Tsugumi Ohba felt made him more interesting.[21] In the end, Mikami is captured by Near's team at the Yellow Box warehouse. While Mikami attempts suicide and bleeds to death in the anime, he dies in prison in the manga. Matsuda believes that Near wrote in the Death Note to manipulate and restrict Mikami's actions.[32] Ohba stated that he leaves it up to the readers to decide if his theory is true.[33] In the anime, he is voiced by Masaya Matsukaze in the original Japanese version, and by Kirby Morrow in the English dub. In the second Death Note rewrite special, Mikami is the one to kill the SPK (after Light blackmails the US President to leak information about the SPK, which he in turn forwards to Takada and Mikami), rather than the mafia.
Mikami was introduced into the story to take Misa's role as Kira. After struggling to create Mikami, Ohba created Mikami's backstory in order to establish Mikami and Light as "equals" and that Mikami is "special in some way." Mikami is the only character to receive a chapter dedicated to his past, and Ohba was reluctant to create the flashback because he personally does not like creating them. [34] Though he usually did not add detail about "Kira worshipers", he decided to pay special attention to Mikami's first appearance. He wanted to have Mikami be both smart and dangerous, and have a hatred for societal evil, which he transferred into Mikami's role as a prosecutor. He wanted it to be clear that Mikami was evil, but, at the same time, he did not want to focus on the aspects of right and wrong.[21] Ohba's second favorite human character in the series was Mikami as Ohba believed that Mikami was the second "strongest" character in the series "besides Light."[7]
Ohba has no visual preferences and therefore let Obata create the visual aspects.[7] Obata based Mikami's design on Taro Kagami, the main character in the pilot chapter of the series. He was told that Mikami was supposed to be a "stoic character like Light" while not knowing that Mikami was a prosecutor and a follower of Kira. As the series progressed, Obata drew Mikami as an "insane fanatic." Obata said that he gave Mikami glasses since "glasses are in these days." Obata added that "things were a little haphazard at this point..." His birthday is June 7, 1982.[22]
Minor characters
Aiber
Aiber (アイバー, Aibā?), whose real name is Thierry Morello (Tierry Morrello (ティエリ・モレロ, Tieri Morero?) in the Japanese version), appearing in the anime and manga, is a professional con man in the employ of L. He plays the role of Eraldo Coil (エラルド・コイル, Erarudo Koiru?), one of L's detective aliases, during the investigation of the Yotsuba Group. Aiber uses his initial "A", just like L, when communicating through computers. Aiber speaks many languages and uses many false identities. "Supposedly" he has a talent for using his "good looks" to convince women to pass information to him. Aiber enjoys "life on the edge" and his "biggest thrill" comes from conning people.[35] Since he is a professional criminal, he is known solely in the underworld.[36]
After L's death, in the manga Light kills him using the Death Note. Aiber dies from liver cancer at a hospital in Paris, France with his family at his bedside.[37][38] In the anime, he dies of a heart attack in front of his wife and son. He is voiced by Takuya Kirimoto in the Japanese anime, and David Orth in the English version. He (like Wedy) is referenced to, but does not appear in, Death Note: Another Note.[citation needed]
Ohba said that he created Aiber and Wedy so he could use characters with "special abilities" to advance the storyline. He said that Aiber "did some things."[34]
According to Obata, his editor told him that Aiber was a "sarcastic, comic relief" character. Obata said that he wishes that he could have drawn Aiber to be "more comedic." Obata believes that if he drew Aiber and Wedy to look "a little bit more original," Ohba could have included the characters in a larger role in Death Note.[39]
Wedy
Wedy (ウエディ, Uedi?), real name Mary Kenwood (Merrie Kenwood (メリー・ケンウッド, Merī Kenuddo?) in the Japanese versions), is a professional burglar in the employ of L. She installs bugs in the Yotsuba Group's meeting room to secretly observe the group's weekly meetings. She does the same for Higuchi's car, allowing the team to watch his desperate attempts to kill Matsuda. Since she is a professional criminal, she is known solely in the underworld.[36]
Wedy uses her initial in computer communication; to avoid confusion with Watari ("W"), she deliberately uses the lowercase form, "w". After L's death, Light kills her using his Death Note; Mary Kenwood dies in a motorcycle accident[35] in Colorado. She is voiced by Miki Nagasawa in the Japanese version and Venus Terzo in the English version. She (like Aiber) is referenced to, but does not appear in, Death Note: Another Note.[citation needed]
Ohba said that he created Aiber and Wedy so he could use characters with "special abilities" to advance the storyline. He said that he wanted to use Wedy more than Aiber. As an example he explained a scenario involving Light controlling Wedy, making her place cameras in the headquarters so Misa could see L's face "... or something."[34]
According to Obata, he drew Wedy as a female model as he did not know what kind of character she would be. Obata added that Wedy has the "stereotypical female spy look." Obata believes that if he drew Aiber and Wedy to look "a little bit more original," Ohba could have included the characters in a larger role in Death Note.[39]
Criminals and initial victims
* An unemployed 42-year old man, Kurou Otoharada (音原田 九郎, Otoharada Kurō?, Romanized as Kuro Otoharada in the Japanese How to Read) is the first criminal that Light kills in the anime and manga versions. Otoharada's name is announced on television as he holds eight hostages in a nursery school.
* Takuo Shibuimaru (渋井丸 拓男, Shibuimaru Takuo?), nicknamed Shibutaku (シブタク?, "Cool Taku"), is the second person that Light kills. Shibuimaru rides a motorcycle and travels with a group of bikers. After Light sees him chasing a woman, Light writes his name down with a death by traffic accident. A truck slams into Shibuimaru's motorcycle, killing him. In the manga, Shibuimaru and his group harass the woman, while in the anime the men try to sexually assault her. In the manga Light feels some guilt since Shibuimaru is not a criminal. Tomohiro Nishimura (Japanese) and Lee Tockar (English) voice him in the anime.
o In the first film Shibuimaru is a criminal who was never prosecuted for killing five children. Light finds his name in a police database after he hacks onto the NPA server. Light finds Shibuimaru in a lounge, bragging about the fact that he was not prosecuted. When a man asks Shibuimaru how he felt, Shibuimaru brags about his acquittal and laughed at the fact that parents of his victims screamed when they discovered the acquittal. Shibuimaru finds Light looking over his shoulder and threatens the law student with a knife. Shibuimaru backs away and laughs, taunting Light by stating that no-one can prosecute him. At a later point, Shibuimaru sees Light at a train crossing, gawking at the law student. Light, who had previously killed another criminal, writes Shibuimaru's name into the Death Note. As a train passes between Light and Shibuimaru, the criminal collapses of a heart attack.
* Lind L. Tailor (リンド・L・テイラー, Rindo Eru Teirā?) is a convicted criminal sentenced to die; this information was kept secret from the public. L places Tailor as a dummy on television. The television states that the broadcast is worldwide and that Tailor's statements are being translated into Japanese. After Tailor states that he is "L," he reads a declaration stating that Kira is evil. Light, in a rage, kills Tailor with a heart attack. The real L announces that Tailor was a decoy, a criminal on death row, and discovers that Kira cannot kill the real L and that Kira is in Kanto. Yukitoshi Tokumoto (Japanese) and John Murphy (English) voice Tailor in the anime. Matt Lagan portrays Tailor in the film.
* Kiichiro Osoreda (恐田 奇一郎, Osoreda Kiichirō?) is a drug addict and criminal used by Light to trick Raye into revealing his FBI badge to Light. Osoreda had failed in an attempt to rob a bank, shooting a teller and two customers as he escaped. Light writes Osoreda's name in the Death Note, dictating his actions. Osoreda boards a bus and holds a gun to the driver's head. Osoreda threatens Light as he unwittingly picks up a piece of the Death Note. Due to this, Ryuk appears solely to Osoreda, frightening the criminal. Osoreda empties his ammunition into Ryuk, who does not die. Osoreda forces the driver to stop the bus and then runs into the street, where an automobile hits Osoreda's head, killing him; the authorities mistakenly believe that Osoreda's vision of Ryuk was a drug-induced hallucination.[40] Katsuhisa Hōki (Japanese) and Brian Dobson (English) voice Osoreda in the anime. Osoreda also appears in the first film.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Federal Bureau of Investigation agrees to assist L since some people believed that Kira killed some American criminals. After Kira kills several agents the FBI withdraws its assistance.[41]
Raye Penber
Raye Penber (レイ・ペンバー, Rei Penbā?) is an investigator from the FBI, sent to Japan with eleven other agents to aid in tracking down Kira early in the story. Described by How to Read It as a "talented" agent,[42] Raye is assigned to investigate the Yagami family for any suspicious behavior. He has a fiancée, Misora, whom he tells not involve herself in the investigation for her own safety. Light manages to track him down and use him "as a pawn"[42] to kill the other members of his team. Light kills Raye soon after. Raye is voiced by Hideo Ishikawa in the Japanese anime and Michael Adamthwaite in the English dub. In the films, he is known as Raye Iwamatsu (レイ・イワマツ, Rei Iwamatsu?) and he is played by Shigeki Hosokawa. In the first film he is a counter-terrorism agent headquartered in Dallas, Texas.
Ohba said that at the beginning he thought of the idea of the FBI going after Light, and so he created Raye to fill the plot point.[3]
Obata said that as Raye was of mixed American and Japanese descent, Obata "struggled over his design" and tried to make Penber look more non-Japanese. Obata said that he wishes that he could have "drawn him a bit better."[19] Hosokawa said that when he portrayed Raye he built Raye's "strength, tenderness and the feeling of mortification."[17]
Naomi Misora
Naomi Misora (南空 ナオミ, Misora Naomi?) is the fiancée of Raye Penber. Described by How to Read as formerly a "first rate" FBI agent[42], Naomi left the Bureau in October 2003[43] for the sake of starting a family in the United States.[44] After the sudden death of her fiancé which she blames Kira for, Naomi, described by How to Read as having a "remarkable investigative ability",[42] decides to take part in the Kira case herself. In her attempts to contact the Kira investigation team she comes across Light Yagami. Cautious at first, she uses the false name Shoko Maki (間木 照子, Maki Shōko?) in order to protect herself until she can reach L. However, Light manages to manipulate her into revealing her real name to him resulting in her death by suicide. Her body is never found due to the specifications made by Light in the Death Note. Naomi is voiced by Naoko Matsui in the Japanese version of the anime and Tabitha St. Germain in the English dub.
In the live-action films her character, played by Asaka Seto and voiced by Nicole Oliver in the English dub, plays a larger role in the story. After witnessing her fiancé die at the hands of Kira, an enraged Naomi decides to investigate the case herself. Beginning with Light as her prime suspect she uses Shiori to get to him. Using the alias Shoko Maki to protect herself and with a strong belief that Light is Kira, she tries to make him confess that he is. However, her real name is uncovered by Light through the wedding documents held by the church where she and Raye had planned to marry. Naomi's fate ends in a similar manner to the anime and manga as she is forced to commit suicide, the only exception being she takes the life of Shiori before doing so. Her character also makes a brief appearance in L: Change the WorLd.
For the production and filming of the movie, Seto stated that she "tried to project that awesome spirit" of Naomi, referring to the character's tenacity and drive while trying to defeat Kira.[17]
Naomi is one of the central characters in the spinoff novel Death Note Another Note: The Los Angeles BB Murder Cases by author Nisio Isin. The story is set several years prior to the start of Death Note and focuses on a series of murder cases investigated by L with Naomi as his operative. The resulting capture of the murderer helped launch Naomi's reputation within the FBI.
Conception and development of Naomi
Naomi's character was originally intended to have a larger role in the storyline which included investigating possible suspects for the Kira Case and expanded interaction with her fiancé. However, once Raye's character was killed author Tsugumi Ohba believed that having Naomi search for Kira was a "natural and interesting development" in the story. Within the cast of characters at the time Sayu was the only notable female. In adding Naomi, Ohba could finally have the "cool" female character he had always wanted. He initially planned for Naomi to have a long involvement in the story but underestimated the character's deductive abilities. Because she was able to uncover crucial plot information "faster than... thought", Ohba decided to end her character early to avoid facing complications with the story development later on. He described the storyline issue of Naomi as the greatest difficulty that he created for himself since the beginning of the series.[3]
According to artist Takeshi Obata, after hearing about the storyline he looked forward to drawing her character since it would be his first time designing one like Naomi. Using the color black to convey her mourning over her fiancé he gave Naomi a leather jacket then designed her face and hair to match her clothes. Because of this ordering Obata states that Naomi was essentially "born from her clothes".[19]
Steve Mason
Steve Mason (Steeve Maison (スティーブ・メイスン, Sutību Meisun?) in the Japanese version), appearing in the anime and manga, is the head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. He assists L in investigating the Japanese police and withdraws FBI involvement after the agents die. At a later point he helps Near create the SPK. Mason dies due to the Death Note.
Mitsuru Ogata voices him in Japanese, with John Novak providing his voice in English.
Hitoshi Demegawa
Hitoshi Demegawa (出目川 仁, Demegawa Hitoshi?), named Yuji Demegawa (出目川 裕志, Demagawa Yūji?) in the films, is publicity hound and director of Sakura TV (さくらTV?). He initially appears when Misa Amane sends four videotapes to Sakura TV in order to gain attention from the real Kira, and approves of broadcasting the tapes on live TV. However, he is forced to hand the tapes over to Soichiro, who crashes a police wagon into the studio and threatens him at gunpoint.
* In the manga and anime, Demegawa reappears after L's death, serving as Kira's spokesman for a while and even creating new programs in "honor" of Kira. Demegawa also leads the raid on Near's headquarters with Kira's supporters, but like all the other rioters, is distracted by the money that Near throws down. Later, Mikami kills him for being greedy, and he is replaced by Takada. He is voiced by Chafūrin in the Japanese anime and Ward Perry in the English dub.
* In the films, he is played by Magy, with Louis Chirillo voicing him in the English dub. Demegawa does not die in the films.
Yotsuba Group
The Yotsuba Group is a group of eight characters present in the anime and manga versions of Death Note; the characters are members of the Yotsuba Corporation. On Light's instruction, Rem delivers the Death Note to one of them. They meet weekly to discuss the killing of key individuals from competing companies to maintain dominance in the business industry. While they realize that one of them is Kira, they do not know which one. The group that holds the "Meetings of Death" consists of:
* Kyosuke Higuchi (火口 卿介, Higushi Kōsuke?) Voiced by: Issei Futamata (Japanese), Andrew Kavadas (English)
o Higuchi is the head Technological Development, and is secretly the Yotsuba Kira. Eventually, he is betrayed by the others, who are assisted by L's task force. This leads to his defeat, and death.
* Shingo Mido (三堂 芯吾, Midō Shingo?) Voiced by: Eiji Hanawa (Japanese), Trevor Devall (English)
o Mido, the Vice President of Corporate Strategy and the Director of Financial Planning, feels reservations regarding the Yotsuba Kira and ponders leaving the other board members. Mido "seems" to have a "sense of appreciation" for Yotsuba.[45] Misa Amane acknowledges that Mido bears a resemblance to Light Yagami.
* Reiji Namikawa (奈南川 零司, Namikawa Reiji?) Voiced by: Hirofumi Nojima (Japanese), Ted Cole (English)
o Namikawa is the Vice President of Sales. He initially encourages the Yotsuba Kira. After receiving a telephone call from Light he ceases participation and observes the scenario. How to Read describes him as the "most talented" of the board members who has the potential to "make it to the top" without Kira.[24] He has a talent in shogi at the professional 4-dan level.[46] How to Read 13 states that he detests useless subordinates.
* Eiichi Takahashi (鷹橋 鋭一, Takahashi Eiichi?) Voiced by: Rintarō Nishi (Japanese), David Orth (English)
o Takahashi is the Vice President of Yotsuba Material Planning Division and Yotsuba Homes. How to Read 13 states that he "never had what it takes to be a true leader" and that he was selected to attend the meetings to "make Higuchi look good." The book adds that other members view Takahashi as "foolish" because he does not "seem to put much thought into his comments."[45]
* Suguru Shimura (紙村 英, Shimura Suguru?) Voiced by: Hiroyuki Yokoo (Japanese), Brian Drummond (English)
o Shimura is the Head of Personnel. How to Read 13 describes him as "paranoid" and always "keep a close eye" on others. Shimura's ability to pay attention to small details allowed him to join the meetings; he noticed subtle changes in "poker-faced" Namikawa's face. How to Read states that he does not like his predicament.[26]
* Masahiko Kida (樹多 正彦, Kida Masahiko?) Voiced by: Masaki Aizawa (Japanese), Martin Sims (English)
o The Vice President of Rights and Planning, Kida controls the finances of the committee and contacts "Eraldo Coil." How to Read 13 describes him as "calm and collected." However he is not able to "deal with surprises," leading him to panic when "Eraldo Coil" asks for more money.[26]
* Takeshi Ooi (尾々井 剛, Ooi Takeshi?) Voiced by: Kiyoyuki Yanada (Japanese), Michael Kopsa (English)
o Ooi is the Vice President of VT Enterprises. He is the eldest and "most influential" member and he "appears" to control the conferences. He individually contacts the members of the committee. How to Read 13 states that Ooi is "seemingly" a "tough guy who doesn't sweat the details."[45]
* Arayoshi Hatori (葉鳥 新義, Hatori Arayoshi?) Voiced by: Yukitoshi Tokumoto (Japanese), Simon Hayama (English)
o The Vice President of Marketing, Hatori is the illegitimate son of the company president and uses this fact to benefit himself. How to Read 13 states that he "appears to be something of a lightweight" and that he cannot handle the pressures of the meetings. After Hatori makes a "careless outburst" the Yotsuba Kira kills him.[26]
Kyosuke Higuchi, the third "Kira," takes the Death Note.[47] During L's probe on the group, Higuchi kills Hatori after Hatori produced a "careless outburst."[26] Rem aids the capture of Higuchi by revealing her identity to Misa. Misa uses her status as the second Kira to get him to admit to being Kira on tape. Higuchi is captured in an elaborate setup concocted by Light and L, and once Light touches the Death Note, thereby regaining his memories of being the real Kira, he uses a Death Note scrap to kill Higuchi.[27] After L dies, Light writes the names of the remaining six, killing them by way of a heart attack. Rumors of Kira's responsibility in the deaths causes Yotsuba's share prices to drop sharply. In the director's cut of Death Note Mido dies by falling from a tall building, Shimura dies by being run over by a train, and Namikawa dies in a car accident.
Ohba created the characters as "stock villains intended to make the main characters look good." Ohba said that he had always planned for Light to regain his status as Kira, so the specifics of a certain member of the Yotsuba group being Kira would not matter to the plot; Ohba wanted the readers to guess which of the characters was Kira. After seeing Obata's designs Ohba selected Higuchi as Kira. Ohba said that he wanted for Mido to appear to be "the most suspicious" of the Yotsuba group. Ohba added that he created the profiles of the characters while eating dinner with the editor. He believes that he did not "put much thought" into the character profiles. He said that he included a lot of information to serve as red herrings.[48]
Obata said that he felt excited when he learned that he had to draw eight Kira characters. Obata said that he created the characters "in the mold of The Seven Samurai" by giving each Yotsuba board member his own individual appearance. Obata said that he remembers making Mido and Namikawa look attractive to make the readers believe that they may be Kira.[39]
Yitzak Ghazanin
Yitzak Ghazanin (Isak Gathane (イサク・ガザン, Isaku Gazan?) in the Japanese version), real name Joe Morton (ジョー・モルトン, Jō Moruton?) and appearing in the manga, is the head of a special forces unit that is stationed in the Middle East. The captain's team raids Mello's hideout to recover the Death Note. The mafia, aided by Sidoh, kill him and his team. He does not make an appearance in the anime, as these events are not included.
Koreyoshi Kitamura
Koreyoshi Kitamura (北村 是良, Kitamura Koreyoshi?), the NPA deputy director, is Soichiro's superior. He feels weighted by Yotsuba's pressure. Masaru Ikeda voices Kitamura. Howard Siegal provides his voice in English. How to Read 13 states that he "isn't a bad guy."[15]
Mafia
The Mafia, allying with Mello, increases its influence and intends to possess the Death Note and gain power; How to Read states that the organization is "being used by Mello."[41] In the Death Note Rewrite 2 special, the mafia plot is omitted.
Rod Ross
Rod Ross (Rodd Los (ロッド・ロス, Roddo Rosu?) in the Japanese version), real name Dwhite Gordon (Dwhite Godon (ドワイト・ゴードン, Dowaito Gōdon?) in the Japanese version) is the head of the mafia. Ross follows Mello's orders. His name is easily known, so Light kills him.
Masaki Aizawa voiced Ross in the anime. Brian Dobson plays Rod Ross in the English Version. His name is also mentioned in L: Change the WorLd as the leader of an arms syndicate who deals with the mafia.
When asked by an interviewer who the most "evil" character in Death Note is, Ohba replied by saying that Ross is the most evil; Ohba added that Ross is "pretty darn evil" as he is the leader of the mafia.[49]
Jack Neylon
Jack Neylon (ジャック・ネイロン, Jakku Neiron?), whose real is name Kal Snydar (Kal Snyder (カル・スナイダー, Karu Sunaidā?) in the Japanese version), is a member of Mello's gang. He is the holder of Sidoh's Death Note after it is given to the gang by the Kira investigation team. Before Mello joined, he was involved in drug trafficking and illegal weapons sales; neither charge stuck due to lack of evidence, despite four separate arrests. After Sidoh tracks down his Death Note, Jack performs the eye trade with him. Light uses the Death Note to have mail him the address of Mello's hideout. In the anime, the eye trade and first raid attempt were cut. He is voiced by Takashi Matsuyama in the Japanese anime and Ted Cole in English.
Other mafia members
* The mafia uses Zakk Irius (ザック・イリウス, Zakku Iriusu?) (he uses his real name) to converse with the Japanese police at the airport. The organization kills Irius after he guides Soichiro to the correct aircraft. He dies by heart attack when the airplane lands; his gang wrote his name in the Death Note.
* Glen Humphreys (Gurren Hangfreeze (グレン・ハンフリーズ, Guren Hanfurīzu?) in the Japanese version), real name Ralph Bay (ラルフ・ベイ, Rarufu Bei?), is a veteran gang member. The Death Note kills him prior to the police raid.
* Rashual Bid (Rushuall Bid (ラシュアル・ビッド, Rashuaru Biddo?) in the Japanese version), real name Al Meem (アル・ミーム, Aru Mīmu?), is a veteran gang member. When Kira eliminates the gang he dies with most of the members.
* Andrew Miller is a member who was used as a test subject as to whether the Death Note was real during the exchange. He was killed because he was stealing drugs from the gang to sell, and was described as an "incompentent guy".
* Jose is not affected by the Death Note instructions that kill the other members. He fakes his death and fatally shoots Soichiro, he later dies when the rest of the Japanese Police enter the room and shoot him.
* Roy and Skyer are not affected by the Death Note instructions that kill the other members. They attempt to retrieve the Death Note; the task force disarms and subdues the two, they later (presumably) die when Mello detonates the entire building.
Matt
Matt (Mail Jeevas)
Matt (マット, Matto?), whose real name is Mail Jeevas (マイル・ジーヴァス, Mairu Jīvasu?), is a consort of Mello's. A character in the manga and anime versions, Matt was also a former resident of Wammy's orphanage; Ohba described him as the "third most talented member" of the house.[5] Matt is Mello's helper[5] as Matt performs espionage work and acts as an accomplice in Takada's kidnapping, which results in his death when he is shot by Takada's bodyguards. He is voiced by Tomohiro Nishimura in the Japanese anime and by Drew Nelson in English dub.
According to How to Read, Matt enjoys video games[5] and isn't outgoing. He also seems to be a chain smoker. He uses his last breath to smoke his cigarette. He is also behind Near and Mello in succeeding L.
Ohba said that he created Matt because when Mello started to act alone Ohba believed that he would find difficulty in advancing the story unless Mello had a character to interact with. Ohba said that to a reader Matt may appear to play video games and have no other actions, but he said that Matt's existence was "important" in the story.[5] In response to a question inquiring about which characters the creators had the most difficulty creating, Ohba cited Matt and said "I didn't even know what kind of person he was!"[49]
Obata said that he did not receive advance notice regarding Matt, who had the character concept of "a young man who loves gaming and doesn't really care much about the world." Obata said that he remembered seeing the thumbnails and asking his editor "Who's this character?!" The thumbnails gave Matt a bowl haircut and goggles; Obata instead drew "what I liked." Obata added that he could "create Matt naturally" as he had a "he probably won't do much" mentality regarding characters introduced in the Near and Mello etc. His birthday is February 1, 1990.[50]
Roger Ruvie
Roger Ruvie (ロジャー・ラヴィー, Rojā Ravī?), appearing in the manga and anime versions, acts as the manager of Wammy's House when Watari is not present; he is aware of the statuses of L and Watari. At the end of the manga he becomes the new Watari for Near. His birthday is April 29, 1939. He cannot stand children, preferring to be in the company of insects, according to Death Note: How To Read 13. He is voiced by Hiroshi Ōtake in Japanese and Ron Halder in English.
Special Provision for Kira
The characters in the Special Provision for Kira, usually abbreviated "SPK," appear solely in the anime and manga versions. The SPK is a group of "elite" anti-Kira Central Intelligence Agency and Federal Bureau of Investigation members headed by Near. Membership of the group remains small to preserve secrecy and the group decides to work separately from the Japanese task force.[51] Many of the SPK are later killed with the Death Note by the mafia due to leaked information, which is never directly mentioned in the anime (in the Rewrite 2 special aired on Japanese television on August 22, 2008, the mafia are omitted, with Light instead blackmailing the US President to leak out info about the SPK, which is transmitted to Takada and Mikami, whom he then has kill the SPK).
Ohba said that, in terms of visual character design, he wrote descriptions such as "Commander" and "Spy" in rough drafts. He let Obata create the rest of the details.[52] Ohba said that he considered having all of the Task Force members die "in a heroic way."[21]
Obata said that he drew the SPK "without thinking too much" when the group first appeared in Chapter 60. Obata heard that Mello sent a spy, so he tried to make a character look "suspicious looking." Obata said that he had to "work hard" on all of the characters since he did not know which ones would survive. Obata said that he believes that his drawing skills relating to "foreign characters" are poor; he says that he imagines the characters being "from so far away" and that he forgets how to draw them.[50]
Stephen Gevanni
Stephen Gevanni (ステファン・ジェバンニ, Sutefan Jebanī?), whose real name is Stephen Loud (ステファン・ラウド, Sutefan Raudo?), works for Near as part of his investigation team. Gevanni is assigned to follow Mikami for much of the case, and it is his meticulous analysis of Mikami's personal habits which allow him to find Mikami's Death Note and swap it with a fake.
Gevanni skillfully follows and monitors suspects and has abilities such as the skill of picking locks.[53]
He is voiced by Hiroki Takahashi in the Japanese anime with Sam Vincent providing the English voice.
Ohba described Gevanni as a "good-looking hotshot" who received an invitation to join Near's team because of his skills. His birthday is September 1, 1982.[5]
Halle Lidner
Halle Lidner (ハル・リドナー, Haru Ridonā?), whose real name is Halle Bullook (ハル・ブロック, Haru Burokku?), works for Near as part of his investigation team. Halle is a former CIA agent who leaks information to Mello in order to increase the chances of Kira being caught. She is voiced by Akeno Watanabe in the Japanese anime with Lisa Ann Beley providing the English voice.
Ohba said that Halle, who has a "strong core," wanted to capture Kira as the Yotsuba Kira killed an acquaintance "close to her." Her birthday is February 18, 1980.[52][54]
Anthony Rester
Commander Anthony Rester (アンソニー・レスター, Antonī Resutā?), real name Anthony Carter (アンソニー・カーター, Antonī Kātā?), is the second-in-command and the lead crime scene investigator. Rester follows Near except in emergency situations. Near trusts Rester and sometimes reveals certain information solely to Rester. How to Read states that Rester's "quiet personality" and physical capabilities serve useful functions in the SPK. The book also states that Rester is "far below" Near in terms of intellectual prowress.[53]
Rester is voiced by Masaki Aizawa in Japanese with Michael Adamthwaite providing the English voice.
Ohba said that Rester was the captain of a special forces squad before joining Near's team. His birthday is January 6, 1968.[52]
Other SPK members
* Ill Ratt (イル・ラット, Iru Ratto?), real name Shawn Dunleavy (ショーン・ダンリービー, Shōn Danrībī?), is a member of the SPK who is also a spy for Mello. He dies due to the Death Note by shooting himself in the head. In the anime, he is not revealed to be a spy.
* John McEnroe (John Matckenraw (ジョン・マッケンロー, Jōn Makkenrō?) in the Japanese version), real name Larry Conners (ラリー・コナーズ, Rarī Konāsu?), is a SPK member and FBI officer. When his members were purged his death is assumed. He is voiced in English by Ted Cole[54]
* Ellickson Gardner (Ellickson Guardner (エリクソン・ガードナー, Erikuson Gādonā?) in the Japanese version), real name Ellickson Thomas (エリクソン・トーマス, Erikuson Tōmasu?), is a SPK member who dies from the Death Note after an SPK leak; he succumbs to a heart attack.[54]
* In addition, more dead members are shown in the Rewrite 2 special, with two named as Adolph Tucker and Kurt McBride.
Ryotaro Sakajo
Ryotaro Sakajo (坂城 良太郎, Sakajō Ryōtarō?) as a character is present only in the films. He is the assistant director during the filming of Misa Amane's "Misa-Misa's Happy Sweets" video. He is obsessed with Misa, collecting a used tissue of hers after she throws it in the trash. In a sequence bridged between the two films, Sakajo corners Misa and brandishes a knife, stating that he wishes to die with her. Gelus, a shinigami watching from the Shinigami realm, kills him to save Misa's life. In doing so, Gelus dies and Rem, who was watching, finds it only fitting to grant possession of his notebook to the human that he loved. Since Rem was the first Shinigami to touch the dead Gelus's noteook, she gained possession of that one.
Sachiko Yagami
Voiced by: Ai Satō (Japanese), Saffron Henderson (English)
Sachiko Yagami (夜神 幸子, Yagami Sachiko?) is wife of Soichiro Yagami and the mother of Light. Like her daughter Sayu, she is unaware of Light ever being Kira even after his death. She is portrayed by Michiko Godai in the live-action films.
Artist Takeshi Obata did not have any real concept behind the design of Sachiko stating his difficulty in drawing female characters who played minor roles.[14] Author Tsugumi Ohba considers both Sachiko and Sayu as the purest characters in the series stating that he could not "sense any evil or twistedness from these two at all." The Yagami family is thought to be the most "pitiful" characters in the book by both creators with Ohba later adding that he felt sympathy for mother and daughter.[6]
Sayu Yagami
Voiced by: Haruka Kudō (Japanese), Kelly Metzger (English), and Kristie Marsden (English).
Sayu Yagami (夜神 粧裕, Yagami Sayu?) is Light's younger and nicer sister. Like her mother she never learns of Light's possession of the Death Note or his identity as Kira. In the manga and anime, Mello's gang kidnaps her in exchange for the Death Note possessed by the investigation team. Although being returned unharmed, Sayu falls into a state of shock, eventually becoming unresponsive to the presence of others. In the live-action films her character is portrayed by actress Hikari Mitsushima, and since the mafia does not play a role, she is not kidnapped.
Though not having any real concept behind Sayu's design, artist Takeshi Obata states that he often encounters difficulty in drawing female characters not central to the storyline.[14] Author Tsugumi Ohba considers Sayu and her mother as two of the purest characters in the series, stating that he could not "sense any evil or twistedness from these two at all." Both creators added that they considered the Yagami family to be the most pitiful characters in the book; Ohba later adding that he felt sympathy for Sayu and her mother, her birthday is June 18, 1989.
Sanami
Sanami (佐波?) only appears in the film adaptation of Death Note, portrayed by Miyuki Komatsu. She is the only female team member of the Kira investigation team, as opposed to the all-male team in the manga and anime. In the second film, she tends to Misa during her captivity and is more critical of the methods used by the investigation team, often calling them cruel.
Shiori Akino
Shiori Akino (秋野 詩織, Akino Shiori?) is a film-exclusive character, portrayed by Yuu Kashii. She is Light's girlfriend, classmate at To-Oh University (東応大学, Tōō Daigaku?)[55], and childhood friend. Shiori dreams of working in law enforcement and feels some envy stemming from Light's abilities. Shiori disagrees with Kira's methods, stating that she does not like the terror they incite; she believes that the law should judge criminals. Shiori argues with the "pro-Kira" Light, unaware of the fact that Light is Kira. Kashii describes Shiori as a "very innocent" and "ordinary" girl who "believes in justice." Kashii believed that Shiori's way of thinking is closest to that of audiences of the Death Note film.[56]
Shusuke Kaneko, director of the film, said that he created Shiori after reading the original Death Note manga.[56] In an interview printed in Weekly Shonen Jump, the creators of the film stated that Shiori was added to the story to highlight Light's negative aspects.[57] Kaneko said that he needed Shiori to "deliver Light's badness to the audience."[56]
In the production notes Kashii said that she felt excited to portray Shiori and wondered if the audience could accept her character.[56] Kitty Sensei of OtakuZone had her opinions of the film portrayal of Shiori published in The Star, a Malaysian newspaper. In it Kitty Sensei said that she felt concern about what the addition of Shiori "would affect our dear, megalomaniac Light. Will he be a softer version of the Light from the manga?" Kitty Sensei said that after watching the film she felt that Shiori "only strengthens the portrayal of Light" and that she "provides one of the gasp-worthy moments of the movie."[58]
Shiroi is dubbed by Ashleigh Ball for the English dub of Death Note.
United States Executive Branch
David Hoope
David Hoope (デイビット・ホープ, Deibitto Hōpu?) is the President of the United States of America in the storyline. He assists in the formation of Near's SPK, and provides information and funding to Mello under threats of the Death Note. He turns to Light, believing that he is the real L, who manipulates him into providing assistance and attacking Mello's hideout. When the attack fails, President Hoope commits suicide to prevent Mello from writing his name and making him launch a nuclear strike. How to Read 13 states "It's believed that Kira disposed of him."[59] In the second Rewrite special, the mafia plot is omitted, with Light instead blackmailing him to leak information about the SPK. Light in turn forwards this information to Takada and Mikami, and they kill the SPK.
In the anime, he does not commit suicide as the character was merged with that of George Sairas. He is voiced by Aruno Tahara in the Japanese anime. Michael Dobson provides the English voice.
George Sairas
George Sairas (George Psyeruth (ジョージ・サイラス, Jōji Sairasu?) in the Japanese version) is the Vice President of the United States in the manga version. When Hoope dies Sairas becomes the President. He capitulates to Kira and officially announces support for him. In addition, Sairas leaks secret information about the SPK. How to Read 13 describes Sairas as "weak-willed" and "clearly lacking as a leader."[59]
Beyond Birthday
Beyond Birthday (ビヨンド・バースデイ, Biyondo Bāsudei?) or B, a character exclusive to the Death Note spin-off novel, "Death Note Another Note: The Los Angeles BB Murder Cases," is a crazed serial murderer bent on surpassing L - not by being the world's greatest detective, but by being the world's greatest criminal. The novel, a prequel to the manga series, takes place in August 2002, over a year before Light became Kira. The only thing known about his past before going to Wammy's House is that his father was beaten to death by a thug and his mother died in a train crash. Like L, Mello, Matt and Near, he lived in Wammy's House and was known as B, which stood for "Backup." A, the original successor to L,[clarification needed] had killed himself years earlier due to the pressure of living up to L. Birthday was born with Shinigami eyes, so he could see when humans would die, and their names. Using his shinigami eyes, he would intentionally kill people on their destined day of death.
To fool Naomi Misora, he acted and dressed like L during Naomi and L's investigation, calling himself Rue Ryuzaki (竜崎ルエ Ryūzaki Rue), with "Rue" being the inverse of the Japanese pronunciation of L (エル Eru), and Ryuzaki being a nickname L later adopts. He was always in heavy makeup when with Naomi, so his true appearance is unknown. He killed 3 victims, Backyard Bottomslash, Quarter Queen, and Believe Bridesmaid, while leaving clues at each murder scene for Naomi Misora to "solve." In reality, he himself led her to each conclusion she made.
He attempted to commit suicide at the end of the novel, by setting himself on fire, to look like the final victim. He felt that L would never be able to solve the case if he, the murderer, were "murdered," meaning he would have outwitted L. Naomi Misora, however, figured out his plan at the last moment, saving Beyond Birthday's life while at the same time putting him under arrest for his murders. At the very end of the novel, the narrator, Mello, states that Beyond Birthday died of a mysterious heart attack several years later in prison. According to Death Note How to Read 13, he was killed by Kira and the Death Note.
Taro Kagami
Taro Kagami (鏡 太郎, Kagami Tarō?) was the protagonist of the original Death Note pilot story, which differs greatly from the final series. While walking home from school one day, Kagami finds the Death Note on the ground, and thinking it to be an ordinary journal, he writes down the names of people who had been bullying him. The next day, these bullies are reported dead, and Ryuk appears to Taro that night. Soon, the police get involved, and Ryuk's other note falls into one of Kagami's friends' hands. At the end of the chapter, an older Kagami is seen with Ryuk following him.
This version of the story is significantly more horror-based, and Ohba describes the Ryuk of this version as "really lazy" and "incompetent." Taro subsequently became the inspiration for the character of Teru Mikami; Mikami greatly resembles him, down to the flashbacks of him in his youth.
Minggu, 24 Mei 2009
Sabtu, 16 Mei 2009
MENAMBAHKAN ANIMASI
1.Buka Aplikasi Mc.PowerPoint
2.Tulis text pada kotak title dan kotak subtitle
3.Klik design di pojok kanan atas
4.Klik Animation Schemes
5.Pilih Animasi yang ada sukai
6.Klik Play
2.Tulis text pada kotak title dan kotak subtitle
3.Klik design di pojok kanan atas
4.Klik Animation Schemes
5.Pilih Animasi yang ada sukai
6.Klik Play
ISTILAH2 DI INTERNET
1.Acount adalah nama pemakai (user Id) dan password untuk dapat mengakses pelayanan internet
2.Adress adalah alamat yang tertulis pada web browser diisi dengan alamat situs yang akan dibuka.
3.Browser adalah perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk membuka website dengan cara mengisi alamat situs
4.Cookies adalah suatu file yang berisi aktivitasmu dengan mengunjungi situs tertentu
5.Crack adalah aktivitas pencarian license key perangkat lunak di internet
6.Chatter adalah orang yang suka chatting
7.Channel adalah ruang-ruang maya dalam IRC diawali dengan tanda #
8.Download adalah mengambil data-data dari internet/online server lainnya
9.Chatting adalah melakukan percakapan di internet dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak
10.Upload adalah menyimpan file homepage di webserver internet
11.E-mail adalah sarana yang ada di dalam internet untuk berkirim atau menerima pesan yang lebih efektif,aman,dan cepat
12.Favorites adalah fasilitas yang ada di browser yang digunakan untuk menyimpan alamat-alamat website yang disukai
13.Flood adalah gangguan yang dapat terjadi karena menuliskan atau membanjiri channel dengan karakter tertentu
14.Freeware adalah perangkat lunak (program) yang disediakan situs-situs di internet secara gratis untuk digunakan ataupun disebar secara luas
15.Homepage adalah halaman awal dari suatu website/webpage yang berisi informasi dari website
16.HTML adalah Hyper Text Markup Language : bahasa/kode yang ditulis di text editor untuk ditampilkan pada browser
17.HTTP adalah Hyper Text Transfer Protocol : protocol transfer yang memungkinkan untuk mentransfer dan menghubungkan halaman-halaman web
18.Hyperlink adalah sebuah elemen dalam halaman web yang ditandai dengan bantuan HTML dan mempunyai hubungan dengan gambar,web,ataupun file
19.IRC server adalah server yang melayani pengguna agar dapat menggunakan fasilitas
20.Netsplit adalah pemisahan/pemutusan hubungan sementara satu IRC server dengan IRC server lainnya
21.Offline adalah istilah yang digunakan pada orang yang tidak ada di IRC
22.Operator adalah orang yang bertindak sebagai administatorsuatu channel
23.Online adalah istilah yang digunakan pada orang yang sedang berada di IRC
24.Protocol adalah aturan yang digunakan oleh komputer untuk saling berkomunikasi
25.Room Chatting adalah suatu ruangan atau tempat berkumpulnya para chatter di IRC
26.Situs adalah site/alamat yang terdapat dalam website
27.Surfing adalah kegiatan melihat-lihat situs yang ada di internet dengan menggunakan browser
28.Webpage adalah suatu halaman yang memuat banyak situs
29.Webserver adalah komputer yang mengirimkan halaman-halaman web
30.WWW adalah World Wide Web : suatu layanan internet dengan menggunakan konsep hypertextantar dokumen yang diperlukan.
2.Adress adalah alamat yang tertulis pada web browser diisi dengan alamat situs yang akan dibuka.
3.Browser adalah perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk membuka website dengan cara mengisi alamat situs
4.Cookies adalah suatu file yang berisi aktivitasmu dengan mengunjungi situs tertentu
5.Crack adalah aktivitas pencarian license key perangkat lunak di internet
6.Chatter adalah orang yang suka chatting
7.Channel adalah ruang-ruang maya dalam IRC diawali dengan tanda #
8.Download adalah mengambil data-data dari internet/online server lainnya
9.Chatting adalah melakukan percakapan di internet dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak
10.Upload adalah menyimpan file homepage di webserver internet
11.E-mail adalah sarana yang ada di dalam internet untuk berkirim atau menerima pesan yang lebih efektif,aman,dan cepat
12.Favorites adalah fasilitas yang ada di browser yang digunakan untuk menyimpan alamat-alamat website yang disukai
13.Flood adalah gangguan yang dapat terjadi karena menuliskan atau membanjiri channel dengan karakter tertentu
14.Freeware adalah perangkat lunak (program) yang disediakan situs-situs di internet secara gratis untuk digunakan ataupun disebar secara luas
15.Homepage adalah halaman awal dari suatu website/webpage yang berisi informasi dari website
16.HTML adalah Hyper Text Markup Language : bahasa/kode yang ditulis di text editor untuk ditampilkan pada browser
17.HTTP adalah Hyper Text Transfer Protocol : protocol transfer yang memungkinkan untuk mentransfer dan menghubungkan halaman-halaman web
18.Hyperlink adalah sebuah elemen dalam halaman web yang ditandai dengan bantuan HTML dan mempunyai hubungan dengan gambar,web,ataupun file
19.IRC server adalah server yang melayani pengguna agar dapat menggunakan fasilitas
20.Netsplit adalah pemisahan/pemutusan hubungan sementara satu IRC server dengan IRC server lainnya
21.Offline adalah istilah yang digunakan pada orang yang tidak ada di IRC
22.Operator adalah orang yang bertindak sebagai administatorsuatu channel
23.Online adalah istilah yang digunakan pada orang yang sedang berada di IRC
24.Protocol adalah aturan yang digunakan oleh komputer untuk saling berkomunikasi
25.Room Chatting adalah suatu ruangan atau tempat berkumpulnya para chatter di IRC
26.Situs adalah site/alamat yang terdapat dalam website
27.Surfing adalah kegiatan melihat-lihat situs yang ada di internet dengan menggunakan browser
28.Webpage adalah suatu halaman yang memuat banyak situs
29.Webserver adalah komputer yang mengirimkan halaman-halaman web
30.WWW adalah World Wide Web : suatu layanan internet dengan menggunakan konsep hypertextantar dokumen yang diperlukan.
FUNGSI IF
Dalam melakukan perhitungan, seringkali ditemukan adanya beberapa pilihan yang harus
ditentukan. Sebagai contoh, dari nilai siswa SMPN 14 akan ditentukan apakah siswa
tersebut lulus atau tidak, dan jika lulus apakah predikat dari nilainya tersebut. Dalam
menangani hal ini telah disediakan fungsi untuk percabangan, yaitu dengan mengunakan
fungsi IF. Sebagai contoh dalam menampilkan status kelulusan siswa dengan melihat
nilai ujian yang sudah dijalaninya sebagai berikut :
Untuk mendapatkan status “LULUS” siswa harus mempunyai nilai lebih besar dari 50 ,
sehingga jika nilainya kurang dari 50 maka akan diberi status “TIDAK LULUS”
7.1 Penggunaan Fungsi IF
Untuk dapat menyelesaikannya dibutuhkan fungsi Logika yaitu fungsi IF, untuk lebih
jelasnya berikut beberapa paparan tentang penggunaan fungsi IF.
Fungsi IF dengan format lengkap adalah sebagai berikut :
IF(logical_test;value_if_true;value_if_false)
dimana :
• logical_test merupakan syarat dari percabangan.
• value_if_true merupakan nilai jika syarat percabangan terpenuhi.
• value_if_false merupakan nilai jika syarat percabangan tidak terpenuhi.
Langkah-langkah untuk menyelesaikannya melalui function wizard adalah sebagai berikut :
1. Klik pada sel D3.
2. Klik dari menu Klik Insert - > Function , kemudian muncul window seperti ini , pilih
Fungsi IF, klik OK.
3. Ubah setting pada window fungsi IF seperti berikut :
Pada Logical Test ditulis C3 > 50 adalah karena di sel C3 lah letak dari nilai yang
akan dilakukan penyeleksian. Ketikkan syaratnya pada isian logical_test, misalnya
C3>50, yang artinya jika data di cell C3 lebih besar atau sama dengan 50 maka
bernilai benar dan jika kurang dari 50 maka bernilai salah.
Ketikkan teks “Lulus” pada isian value_if_true, yang artinya jika pada logical_test
bernilai benar maka teks ini yang akan dihasilkan/dikeluarkan.
Ketikkan teks “Tidak Lulus” pada isian value_if_false, yang artinya jika pada
logical_test bernilai salah maka teks ini yang akan dihasilkan/dikeluarkan.
4. Klik OK. Copy-kan formula ke sel dibawahnya.
Pemberian tanda “ ” merupakan tambahan jika ingin menambahkan statement berupa
kalimat atau string.
Didapatkan hasil akhir seperti gambar berikut :
RUMUS MICROSOFT EXCEL
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Excel atau Microsoft Office Excel adalah sebuah program aplikasi lembar kerja spreadsheet yang dibuat dan didistribusikan oleh Microsoft Corporation untuk sistem operasi Microsoft Windows dan Mac OS. Aplikasi ini memiliki fitur kalkulasi dan pembuatan grafik yang, dengan menggunakan strategi marketing Microsoft yang agresif, menjadikan Microsoft Excel sebagai salah satu program komputer yang populer digunakan di dalam komputer mikro hingga saat ini. Bahkan, saat ini program ini merupakan program spreadsheet paling banyak digunakan oleh banyak pihak, baik di platform PC berbasis Windows maupun platform Macintosh berbasis Mac OS, semenjak versi 5.0 diterbitkan pada tahun 1993. Aplikasi ini merupakan bagian dari Microsoft Office System, dan versi terakhir adalah versi Microsoft Office Excel 2007 yang diintegrasikan di dalam paket Microsoft Office System 2007.
Dari pertama kali dirilis, Excel menggunakan format berkas biner yang disebut dengan Binary Interchange File Format (BIFF) sebagai format berkas utamanya. Hal ini berubah ketika Microsoft merilis Office System 2007 yang memperkenalkan Office Open XML sebagai format berkas utamanya. Office Open XML adalah sebuah berkas kontainer berbasis XML yang mirip dengan XML Spreadsheet (XMLSS), yang diperkenalkan pada Excel 2002. Berkas versi XML tidak dapat menyimpan macro VBA.
Meskipun mendukung format XML yang baru, Excel 2007 masih mendukung format-format lamanya yang masih berbasis BIFF yang tradisional. Selain itu, kebanyakan versi Microsoft Excel juga mendukung format Comma Separated Values (CSV), DBase File (DBF), SYmbolic LinK (SYLK), Data Interchange Format (DIF) dan banyak format lainnya, termasuk di antaranya format worksheet milik Lotus 1-2-3 (WKS, WK1, WK2, dan lain-lain) dan Quattro Pro.
Berikut ini adalah beberapa ekstensi Microsoft Excel:
• *.xls, merupakan format default Microsoft Excel sebelum Excel 12. Masih berbasis format BIFF dan dapat menyimpan macro VBA.
• *.xlt, merupakan format untuk template worksheet Microsoft Excel sebelum Excel 12. Masih berbasis format BIFF dan dapat menyimpan macro VBA.
• *.XML, atau yang disebut sebagai XML Spreadsheet. Tidak mampu menampung macro VBA.
• *.xla, merupakan format untuk Excel Add-in sebelum Excel 12. Masih berbasis format BIFF dan dapat menyimpan macro VBA, mengingat tujuannya adalah untuk menambahkan kemampuan Microsoft Excel.
• *.xlsx, merupakan format default worksheet Microsoft Excel 12, yang telah berbasis XML. Tidak dapat menyimpan macro VBA, karena alasan keamanan. Sebenarnya merupakan sebuah arsip terkompres berformat ZIP dengan struktur dokumen yang terdiri atas dokumen teks XML. Adalah pengganti dari format .xls yang kuno.
• *.xlsm, merupakan format worksheet Microsoft Excel 12, yang telah berbasis XML, tapi dapat menyimpan macro VBA.
• *.xlsb, merupakan format worksheet Microsoft Excel 12, yang telah berbasis XML, tapi dikodekan dalam bentuk biner. Format ini memiliki keunggulan lebih kepat dibuka dan lebih efisien, mengingat tujuan dibuatnya format ini adalah untuk menangani worksheet yang sangat besar yang terdiri atas puluhan ribu baris atau ratusan kolom.
• *.xltm, merupakan format untuk template worksheet Microsoft Excel 12, yang telah berbasis XML tapi mampu menyimpan macro VBA. Merupakan pengganti dari format *.xlt.
• *.xlam, merupakan format untuk Excel Add-in untuk menambah kemampuan Excel 12. Secara default mampu menangani macro VBA, mengingat tujuannya adalah menambahkan kemampuan Excel.
A. Fungsi
1. Fungsi Logika
A. Fungsi AND, Or, dan NOT
Fungsi AND akan menghasilkan nilai True jika semua kondisinya terpenuhi. Sedangkan OR akan menghasilkan True apabila dua kondisinya terpenuhi. Dan NOT menyangkal sebuah kondisi.
2. Fungsi IF Bercabang
Fungsi IF bercabang merupakan pengembangan dari bentuk fungsi IF tunggal yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang cukup kompleks. Contoh : =IF(Nilai <>
2. Fungsi String
1. VALUE, digunakan untuk merubah nilai teks numberik menjadi nilai value (bersifat bilangan).
2. FIND, digunakan untuk menghasilakan posisi substring dari sebuah string.hasil dari fungsi ini adalah suatu nomor dari karakter yang dicari. Penulisannya FIND(cari teks, pada teks, mulai nomor).
3. MID, digunakan untuk mengambil karakter tertentu dari sederet karakter.
4. LEFT dan RIGHT, Fungsi LEFT digunakan untuk mengambil substring dari sebelah kiri string. Sedangkan Fungsi RIGHT digunakan untuk mengambil substring dari sebelah kanan substring.
5. REPLACE, digunakan untuk menggantikan substring dengan substring lainnya.
6. CONCATENATE, digunakan untuk menggabungkan string untuk menjadi suatu kalimat.
3. Fungsi Tanggal dan Waktu
1. Fungsi DATE, digunakan untuk memasukkan tanggal ke dalam suatu sel.
2. Fungsi YEAR, MONTH, DAY, digunakan untuk mengambil tahun, bula, dan tanggal
3. Fungsi NOW dan TODAY, NOW digunakan mengambil tanggal dan waktu dari system dengan format default mm/dd/yy. Fungsi TODAY hanya mengambil tanggal dari system computer dengan format default mm/dd/yy.
4. Funsi TIME, digunakan untuk memasukkan waktu ke sebuah sel atau mengubah angka serial waktu ke dalam waktu tertentu.
5. Fungsi HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND. HOUR digunakan mengambil jam dari sebuah penulisan waktu atau dari angka serial waktu. MINUTE digunakn mengambil menit dari sebuah penulisan waktu. SECOND digunakan mengambil detik dari sebuah penulisan waktu.
6. Fungsi DATEVALUE dan TIMEVALUE. Fungsi DATEVALUE mengubah nilai tanggal antara 1 januari 1990 dan 31 desember 2007 menjadi serial angka. Fungsi TIMEVALUE mengubah waktu menjadi serial angka dalam bentuk decimal antara 0 dan 1.
4. Fungsi Tabel
1. HLOOKUP(Lookup_value, Table_array, row_index_num,……)
2. VLOOKUP(Lookup_value, Table_array, col_index_num,……)
Fasilitas yang disediakan Microsoft Excel, untuk mengurangi kesalahan penulisan rumus:
• Klik Cell yang dituju
• Pilih menu insert dan klik Function sehingga muncul kotak dialog Paste Funticion
• Pada daftar Funcition category, klik Lookup & Refence dan pada Funtion name klik VLOOKUP lalu klik OK
• Lookup_value diisi dengan cell kunci yang akan dibandingkan dengan table.
• Table_array diisi dengan range table data yang akan dibaca.
• Col_index_num diisi nomor indeks kolom yang akan diambil datanya
• Klik OK.
5. Fungsi yang sering digunakan
1. Fungsi Sum(…)
Digunakan untuk menjumlahkan sekumpulan data pada suatu range.
2. Fungsi Averange(….)
Digunakan untuk mencari nilai rata – rata dari sekumpulan data(range).
3. Fungsi Max(…)
Digunakan untuk mencari nilai tertinggi dari sekumpulan data(range).
4. Fungsi Min(…)
Digunakan untuk mencari nilai terendah dari sekumpulan data(range).
5. Fungsi Count(…)
Digunakan untuk menghitung jumlah data dari suatu range yang kita pilih.
6. Fungsi STDEV(…)
Digunakan untuk menentukan standar deviasi dari suatu data (range).
7. Fungsi Var(..)
Digunakan untuk menentukan nilai variance dari suatu data(range).
Di MS Excel terdapat fungsi yang namanya Datedif, namun fungsi tersebut tidak tercantum dalam daftar fungsi saat kita mengakses Insert ? Function.. Kalo kita menggunakan MS Excel 2000, dengan melakukan pencarian pada Help-nya, dokumentasi tentang fungsi ini tersedia. Sayangnya, pada MS Excel 2003 dokumentasinya sudah tidak tersedia, meskipun fungsi tersebut masih dapat digunakan. Dapat dimaklumi, karena menurut dokumentasi pada MS Excel 2000, fungsi ini disediakan agar kompatibel dengan Lotus 1-2-3.
Fungsi datedif digunakan untuk menghitung jumlah hari, bulan atau tahun antara dua tanggal.
Start date dan end date ditulis dalam format string misalnya "24/3/2004" atau nomor serial tanggal atau merujuk ke data tanggal pada cell lain.
Unit digunakan untuk menentukan tipe informasi keluaran yang diinginkan, yaitu:
• "Y"
Keluarannya adalah jumlah selisih tahun penuh. Antara tanggal 24/3/2004 sampai 23/3/2005 menghasilkan nilai 0, sedang jika sampai dengan 24/3/2005 menghasilkan 1.
• "M"
Keluarannya adalah jumlah selisih bulan penuh. Antara tanggal 24/3/2004 sampai 23/3/2005 menghasilkan nilai 11, sedang jika sampai dengan 24/3/2005 menghasilkan 12.
• "D"
Keluarnnya adalah jumlah selisih hari.
• "MD"
Keluarannya adalah jumlah selisih hari dengan mengabaikan tahun dan bulannya.
• "YM"
Keluarannya adalah selisih bulan dengan mengabaikan tahun dan tanggalnya.
• "YD"
Keluarannya adalah selisih hari dengan mengabaikan tahunnya
Microsoft Excel atau Microsoft Office Excel adalah sebuah program aplikasi lembar kerja spreadsheet yang dibuat dan didistribusikan oleh Microsoft Corporation untuk sistem operasi Microsoft Windows dan Mac OS. Aplikasi ini memiliki fitur kalkulasi dan pembuatan grafik yang, dengan menggunakan strategi marketing Microsoft yang agresif, menjadikan Microsoft Excel sebagai salah satu program komputer yang populer digunakan di dalam komputer mikro hingga saat ini. Bahkan, saat ini program ini merupakan program spreadsheet paling banyak digunakan oleh banyak pihak, baik di platform PC berbasis Windows maupun platform Macintosh berbasis Mac OS, semenjak versi 5.0 diterbitkan pada tahun 1993. Aplikasi ini merupakan bagian dari Microsoft Office System, dan versi terakhir adalah versi Microsoft Office Excel 2007 yang diintegrasikan di dalam paket Microsoft Office System 2007.
Dari pertama kali dirilis, Excel menggunakan format berkas biner yang disebut dengan Binary Interchange File Format (BIFF) sebagai format berkas utamanya. Hal ini berubah ketika Microsoft merilis Office System 2007 yang memperkenalkan Office Open XML sebagai format berkas utamanya. Office Open XML adalah sebuah berkas kontainer berbasis XML yang mirip dengan XML Spreadsheet (XMLSS), yang diperkenalkan pada Excel 2002. Berkas versi XML tidak dapat menyimpan macro VBA.
Meskipun mendukung format XML yang baru, Excel 2007 masih mendukung format-format lamanya yang masih berbasis BIFF yang tradisional. Selain itu, kebanyakan versi Microsoft Excel juga mendukung format Comma Separated Values (CSV), DBase File (DBF), SYmbolic LinK (SYLK), Data Interchange Format (DIF) dan banyak format lainnya, termasuk di antaranya format worksheet milik Lotus 1-2-3 (WKS, WK1, WK2, dan lain-lain) dan Quattro Pro.
Berikut ini adalah beberapa ekstensi Microsoft Excel:
• *.xls, merupakan format default Microsoft Excel sebelum Excel 12. Masih berbasis format BIFF dan dapat menyimpan macro VBA.
• *.xlt, merupakan format untuk template worksheet Microsoft Excel sebelum Excel 12. Masih berbasis format BIFF dan dapat menyimpan macro VBA.
• *.XML, atau yang disebut sebagai XML Spreadsheet. Tidak mampu menampung macro VBA.
• *.xla, merupakan format untuk Excel Add-in sebelum Excel 12. Masih berbasis format BIFF dan dapat menyimpan macro VBA, mengingat tujuannya adalah untuk menambahkan kemampuan Microsoft Excel.
• *.xlsx, merupakan format default worksheet Microsoft Excel 12, yang telah berbasis XML. Tidak dapat menyimpan macro VBA, karena alasan keamanan. Sebenarnya merupakan sebuah arsip terkompres berformat ZIP dengan struktur dokumen yang terdiri atas dokumen teks XML. Adalah pengganti dari format .xls yang kuno.
• *.xlsm, merupakan format worksheet Microsoft Excel 12, yang telah berbasis XML, tapi dapat menyimpan macro VBA.
• *.xlsb, merupakan format worksheet Microsoft Excel 12, yang telah berbasis XML, tapi dikodekan dalam bentuk biner. Format ini memiliki keunggulan lebih kepat dibuka dan lebih efisien, mengingat tujuan dibuatnya format ini adalah untuk menangani worksheet yang sangat besar yang terdiri atas puluhan ribu baris atau ratusan kolom.
• *.xltm, merupakan format untuk template worksheet Microsoft Excel 12, yang telah berbasis XML tapi mampu menyimpan macro VBA. Merupakan pengganti dari format *.xlt.
• *.xlam, merupakan format untuk Excel Add-in untuk menambah kemampuan Excel 12. Secara default mampu menangani macro VBA, mengingat tujuannya adalah menambahkan kemampuan Excel.
A. Fungsi
1. Fungsi Logika
A. Fungsi AND, Or, dan NOT
Fungsi AND akan menghasilkan nilai True jika semua kondisinya terpenuhi. Sedangkan OR akan menghasilkan True apabila dua kondisinya terpenuhi. Dan NOT menyangkal sebuah kondisi.
2. Fungsi IF Bercabang
Fungsi IF bercabang merupakan pengembangan dari bentuk fungsi IF tunggal yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang cukup kompleks. Contoh : =IF(Nilai <>
2. Fungsi String
1. VALUE, digunakan untuk merubah nilai teks numberik menjadi nilai value (bersifat bilangan).
2. FIND, digunakan untuk menghasilakan posisi substring dari sebuah string.hasil dari fungsi ini adalah suatu nomor dari karakter yang dicari. Penulisannya FIND(cari teks, pada teks, mulai nomor).
3. MID, digunakan untuk mengambil karakter tertentu dari sederet karakter.
4. LEFT dan RIGHT, Fungsi LEFT digunakan untuk mengambil substring dari sebelah kiri string. Sedangkan Fungsi RIGHT digunakan untuk mengambil substring dari sebelah kanan substring.
5. REPLACE, digunakan untuk menggantikan substring dengan substring lainnya.
6. CONCATENATE, digunakan untuk menggabungkan string untuk menjadi suatu kalimat.
3. Fungsi Tanggal dan Waktu
1. Fungsi DATE, digunakan untuk memasukkan tanggal ke dalam suatu sel.
2. Fungsi YEAR, MONTH, DAY, digunakan untuk mengambil tahun, bula, dan tanggal
3. Fungsi NOW dan TODAY, NOW digunakan mengambil tanggal dan waktu dari system dengan format default mm/dd/yy. Fungsi TODAY hanya mengambil tanggal dari system computer dengan format default mm/dd/yy.
4. Funsi TIME, digunakan untuk memasukkan waktu ke sebuah sel atau mengubah angka serial waktu ke dalam waktu tertentu.
5. Fungsi HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND. HOUR digunakan mengambil jam dari sebuah penulisan waktu atau dari angka serial waktu. MINUTE digunakn mengambil menit dari sebuah penulisan waktu. SECOND digunakan mengambil detik dari sebuah penulisan waktu.
6. Fungsi DATEVALUE dan TIMEVALUE. Fungsi DATEVALUE mengubah nilai tanggal antara 1 januari 1990 dan 31 desember 2007 menjadi serial angka. Fungsi TIMEVALUE mengubah waktu menjadi serial angka dalam bentuk decimal antara 0 dan 1.
4. Fungsi Tabel
1. HLOOKUP(Lookup_value, Table_array, row_index_num,……)
2. VLOOKUP(Lookup_value, Table_array, col_index_num,……)
Fasilitas yang disediakan Microsoft Excel, untuk mengurangi kesalahan penulisan rumus:
• Klik Cell yang dituju
• Pilih menu insert dan klik Function sehingga muncul kotak dialog Paste Funticion
• Pada daftar Funcition category, klik Lookup & Refence dan pada Funtion name klik VLOOKUP lalu klik OK
• Lookup_value diisi dengan cell kunci yang akan dibandingkan dengan table.
• Table_array diisi dengan range table data yang akan dibaca.
• Col_index_num diisi nomor indeks kolom yang akan diambil datanya
• Klik OK.
5. Fungsi yang sering digunakan
1. Fungsi Sum(…)
Digunakan untuk menjumlahkan sekumpulan data pada suatu range.
2. Fungsi Averange(….)
Digunakan untuk mencari nilai rata – rata dari sekumpulan data(range).
3. Fungsi Max(…)
Digunakan untuk mencari nilai tertinggi dari sekumpulan data(range).
4. Fungsi Min(…)
Digunakan untuk mencari nilai terendah dari sekumpulan data(range).
5. Fungsi Count(…)
Digunakan untuk menghitung jumlah data dari suatu range yang kita pilih.
6. Fungsi STDEV(…)
Digunakan untuk menentukan standar deviasi dari suatu data (range).
7. Fungsi Var(..)
Digunakan untuk menentukan nilai variance dari suatu data(range).
Di MS Excel terdapat fungsi yang namanya Datedif, namun fungsi tersebut tidak tercantum dalam daftar fungsi saat kita mengakses Insert ? Function.. Kalo kita menggunakan MS Excel 2000, dengan melakukan pencarian pada Help-nya, dokumentasi tentang fungsi ini tersedia. Sayangnya, pada MS Excel 2003 dokumentasinya sudah tidak tersedia, meskipun fungsi tersebut masih dapat digunakan. Dapat dimaklumi, karena menurut dokumentasi pada MS Excel 2000, fungsi ini disediakan agar kompatibel dengan Lotus 1-2-3.
Fungsi datedif digunakan untuk menghitung jumlah hari, bulan atau tahun antara dua tanggal.
Start date dan end date ditulis dalam format string misalnya "24/3/2004" atau nomor serial tanggal atau merujuk ke data tanggal pada cell lain.
Unit digunakan untuk menentukan tipe informasi keluaran yang diinginkan, yaitu:
• "Y"
Keluarannya adalah jumlah selisih tahun penuh. Antara tanggal 24/3/2004 sampai 23/3/2005 menghasilkan nilai 0, sedang jika sampai dengan 24/3/2005 menghasilkan 1.
• "M"
Keluarannya adalah jumlah selisih bulan penuh. Antara tanggal 24/3/2004 sampai 23/3/2005 menghasilkan nilai 11, sedang jika sampai dengan 24/3/2005 menghasilkan 12.
• "D"
Keluarnnya adalah jumlah selisih hari.
• "MD"
Keluarannya adalah jumlah selisih hari dengan mengabaikan tahun dan bulannya.
• "YM"
Keluarannya adalah selisih bulan dengan mengabaikan tahun dan tanggalnya.
• "YD"
Keluarannya adalah selisih hari dengan mengabaikan tahunnya
SEJARAH INTERNET
Dikutip dari
http://members.tripod.com/octa_haris/internet.html
A.Internet
1.Pengertian Internet
Internet dapat diartikan sebagai jaringan komputer luas dan besar yang mendunia, yaitu
menghubungkan pemakai komputer dari suatu negara ke negara lain di seluruh dunia,
dimana di dalamnya terdapat berbagai sumber daya informasi dari mulai yang statis
hingga yang dinamis dan interaktif.
2. Sejarah internet
Berikut sejarah kemunculan dan perkembangan internet.
Sejarah intenet dimulai pada 1969 ketika Departemen Pertahanan Amerika, U.S.
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA) memutuskan untuk
mengadakan riset tentang bagaimana caranya menghubungkan sejumlah komputer
sehingga membentuk jaringan organik. Program riset ini dikenal dengan nama
ARPANET. Pada 1970, sudah lebih dari 10 komputer yang berhasil dihubungkan satu
sama lain sehingga mereka bisa saling berkomunikasi dan membentuk sebuah jaringan.
Tahun 1972, Roy Tomlinson berhasil menyempurnakan program e-mail yang ia ciptakan
setahun yang lalu untuk ARPANET. Program e-mail ini begitu mudah sehingga langsung
menjadi populer. Pada tahun yang sama, icon @juga diperkenalkan sebagai lambang
penting yang menunjukkan "at" atau "pada". Tahun 1973, jaringan komputer ARPANET
mulai dikembangkan ke luar Amerika Serikat. Komputer University College di London
merupakan komputer pertama yang ada di luar Amerika yang menjadi anggota jaringan
Arpanet. Pada tahun yang sama, dua orang ahli komputer yakni Vinton Cerf dan Bob
Kahn mempresentasikan sebuah gagasan yang lebih besar, yang menjadi cikal bakal
pemikiran internet. Ide ini dipresentasikan untuk pertama kalinya di Universitas Sussex.
Hari bersejarah berikutnya adalah tanggal 26 Maret 1976, ketika Ratu Inggris berhasil
mengirimkan e-mail dari Royal Signals and Radar Establishment di Malvern. Setahun
kemudian, sudah lebih dari 100 komputer yang bergabung di ARPANET membentuk
sebuah jaringan atau network. Pada 1979, Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis dan Steve Bellovin,
menciptakan newsgroups pertama yang diberi nama USENET. Tahun 1981 France
Telecom menciptakan gebrakan dengan meluncurkan telpon televisi pertama, dimana
orang bisa saling menelpon sambil berhubungan dengan video link.
Karena komputer yang membentuk jaringan semakin hari semakin banyak, maka
dibutuhkan sebuah protokol resmi yang diakui oleh semua jaringan. Pada tahun 1982
dibentuk Transmission Control Protocol atau TCP dan Internet Protokol atau IP yang kita
kenal semua. Sementara itu di Eropa muncul jaringan komputer tandingan yang dikenal
dengan Eunet, yang menyediakan jasa jaringan komputer di negara-negara Belanda,
Inggris, Denmark dan Swedia. Jaringan Eunet menyediakan jasa e-mail dan newsgroup
USENET.
Untuk menyeragamkan alamat di jaringan komputer yang ada, maka pada tahun 1984
diperkenalkan sistem nama domain, yang kini kita kenal dengan DNS atau Domain
Name System. Komputer yang tersambung dengan jaringan yang ada sudah melebihi
1000 komputer lebih. Pada 1987 jumlah komputer yang tersambung ke jaringan
melonjak 10 kali lipat manjadi 10.000 lebih.
Tahun 1988, Jarko Oikarinen dari Finland menemukan dan sekaligus memperkenalkan
IRC atau Internet Relay Chat. Setahun kemudian, jumlah komputer yang saling
berhubungan kembali melonjak 10 kali lipat dalam setahun. Tak kurang dari 100.000
komputer kini membentuk sebuah jaringan. Tahun 1990 adalah tahun yang paling
bersejarah, ketika Tim Berners Lee menemukan program editor dan browser yang bisa
menjelajah antara satu komputer dengan komputer yang lainnya, yang membentuk
jaringan itu. Program inilah yang disebut www, atau Worl Wide Web.
Tahun 1992, komputer yang saling tersambung membentuk jaringan sudah melampaui
sejuta komputer, dan di tahun yang sama muncul istilah surfing the internet. Tahun
1994, situs internet telah tumbuh menjadi 3000 alamat halaman, dan untuk pertama
kalinya virtual-shopping atau e-retail muncul di internet. Dunia langsung berubah. Di
tahun yang sama Yahoo! didirikan, yang juga sekaligus kelahiran Netscape Navigator
1.0.
3. Manfaat internet
Secara umum ada banyak manfaat yang dapat diperoleh apabila seseorang mempunyai
akses ke internet .Berikut ini sebagian dari apa yang tersedia di internet: 1. Informasi
untuk kehidupan pribadi :kesehatan, rekreasi, hobby, pengembangan pribadi, rohani,
sosial. 2. Informasi untuk kehidupan profesional/pekerja :sains, teknologi, perdagangan,
saham, komoditas, berita bisnis, asosiasi profesi, asosiasi bisnis, berbagai forum
komunikasi.
Satu hal yang paling menarik ialah keanggotaan internet tidak mengenal batas negara,
ras, kelas ekonomi, ideologi atau faktor faktor lain yang biasanya dapat menghambat
pertukaran pikiran. Internet adalah suatu komunitas dunia yang sifatnya sangat
demokratis serta memiliki kode etik yang dihormati segenap anggotanya. Manfaat
internet terutama diperoleh melalui kerjasama antar pribadi atau kelompok tanpa
mengenal batas jarak dan waktu.
Untuk lebih meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia di Indonesia, sudah waktunya
para profesional Indonesia memanfaatkan jaringan internet dan menjadi bagian dari
masyarakat informasi dunia.
B. Web Site atau Situs
1.Pengertian Web Site atau Situs
Situs dapat diartikan sebagai kumpulan halaman-halaman yang digunakan untuk
menampilkan informasi, gambar gerak, suara, dan atau gabungan dari semuanya itu
baik yang bersifat statis maupun dinamis yang membentuk satu rangkaian bangunan
yang saling terkait dimana masing-masing dihubungkan dengan link-link.
2. Unsur-Unsur Web Site atau Situs
Untuk membangun situs diperlukan beberapa unsur yang harus ada agar situs dapat
berjalan dengan baik dan sesuai yang diharapkan. Unsur-unsur yang harus ada dalam
situs antara lain:
a. Domain Name Domain name atau biasa disebut nama domain adalah alamat
permanen situs di dunia internet yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi sebuah situs
atau dengan kata lain domain name adalah alamat yang digunakan untuk menemukan
situs kita pada dunia internet. Istilah yang umum digunakan adalah URL. Contoh sebuah
URL adalah http://www.octa_haris.tripod.com--dapat juga tanpa www--
Ada banyak macam nama domain yang dapat kita pilih sesuai dengan keinginan.
Berikut beberapa nama domain yang sering digunakan dan tersedia di internet:
1. Generic Domains(gTLDs)
Merupakan domain name yang berakhiran
dengan .Com .Net .Org .Edu .Mil atau .Gov. Jenis domain ini sering juga disebut top
level domain dan domain ini tidak berafiliasi berdasarkan negara, sehingga siapapun
dapat mendaftar.
Ø.com : merupakan top level domain yang ditujukan untuk kebutuhan "commercial".
Ø.edu : merupakan domain yang ditujukan untuk kebutuhan dunia pendidikan
(education)
Ø.gov : merupakan domain untuk pemerintahan (government)
Ø.mil : merupakan domain untuk kebutuhan angkatan bersenjata (military)
Ø.org : domain untuk organisasi atau lembaga non profit (Organization).
2. Country-Specific Domains (ccTLDs)
Yaitu domain yang berkaitan dengan dua huruf ekstensi, dan sering juga disebut second
level domain, seperti .id(Indonesia), .au(Australia), .jp(Jepang) dan lain lain. Domain ini
dioperasikan dan di daftarkan dimasing negara. Di Indonesia, domain-domain ini
berakhiran, .co.id, .ac.id, .go.id, .mil.id, .or.id, dan pada akhir-akhir ini ditambah dengan
war.net.id, .mil.id, dan web.id. Penggunaan dari masing-masing akhiran tersebut
berbeda tergantung pengguna dan pengunaannya, antara lain:
Ø.co.id : Untuk Badan Usaha yang mempunyai badan hukum sah
Ø.ac.id : Untuk Lembaga Pendidikan
Ø.go.id : Khusus untuk Lembaga Pemerintahan Republik Indonesia
Ø.mil.id : Khusus untuk Lembaga Militer Republik Indonesia
Ø.or.id : Untuk segala macam organisasi yand tidak termasuk dalam kategori
"ac.id","co.id","go.id","mil.id" dan lain
Ø.war.net.id : untuk industri warung internet di Indonesia
Ø.sch.id : khusus untuk Lembaga Pendidikan yang menyelenggarakan pendidikan
seperti SD, SMP dan atau SMU
Ø.web.id : Ditujukan bagi badan usaha, organisasi ataupun perseorangan yang
melakukan kegiatannya di Worl Wide Web.
Nama domain dari tiap-tiap situs di seluruh dunia tidak ada yang sama sehingga tidak
ada satupun situs yang akan dijumpai tertukar nama atau tertukar halaman situsnya.
Untuk memperoleh nama dilakukan penyewaan domain, biasanya dalam jangka
tertentu(tahunan).
b. Hosting
Hosting dapat diartikan sebagai ruangan yang terdapat dalam harddisk tempat
menyimpan berbagai data, file-file, gambar dan lain sebagainya yang akan ditampilkan
di situs. Besarnya data yang bisa dimasukkan tergantung dari besarnya hosting yang
disewa/dipunyai, semakin besar hosting semakin besar pula data yang dapat
dimasukkan dan ditampilkan dalam situs.
Hosting juga diperoleh dengan menyewa. Besarnya hosting ditentukan ruangan
harddisk dengan ukuran MB(Mega Byte) atau GB(Giga Byte).Lama penyewaan hosting
rata-rata dihitung per tahun. Penyewaan hosting dilakukan dari perusahaan-perusahaan
penyewa web hosting yang banyak dijumpai baik di Indonesia maupun Luar Negri.
c. Scripts/Bahasa Program
Adalah bahasa yang digunakan untuk menerjemahkan setiap perintah dalam situs yang
pada saat diakses. Jenis scripts sangat menentukan statis, dinamis atau interaktifnya
sebuah situs. Semakin banyak ragam scripts yang digunakan maka akan terlihat situs
semakin dinamis, dan interaktif serta terlihat bagus. Bagusnya situs dapat terlihat
dengan tanggapan pengunjung serta frekwensi kunjungan.
Beragam scripts saat ini telah hadir untuk mendukung kualitas situs. Jenis jenis scripts
yang banyak dipakai para designer antara lain HTML, ASP, PHP, JSP, Java Scripts,
Java applets dsb. Bahasa dasar yang dipakai setiap situs adalah HTML sedangkan ASP
dan lainnya merupakan bahasa pendukung yang bertindak sebagai pengatur dinamis,
dan interaktifnya situs.
Scripts ASP, PHP, JSP atau lainnya bisa dibuat sendiri, bisa juga dibeli dari para penjual
scripts yang biasanya berada di luar negri. Harga Scripts rata-rata sangat mahal karena
sulitnya membuat, biasanya mencapai puluhan juta. Scripts ini biasanya digunakan
untuk membangun portal berita, artikel, forum diskusi, buku tamu, anggota organisasi,
email, mailing list dan lain sebagainya yang memerlukan update setiap saat. Khusus
Jilbab Online menggunakan bahasa ASP(Active Server Pages).
d. Design Web
Setelah melakukan penyewaan domain dan hosting serta penguasaan scripts, unsur
situs yang paling penting dan utama adalah design. Design web sangat menentukan
kualitas dan keindahan situs. Design sangat berpengaruh kepada penilaian pengunjung
akan bagus tidaknya sebuah web site.
Untuk membuat situs biasanya dapat dilakukan sendiri atau menyewa jasa web
designer. Saat ini sangat banyak jasa web designer, terutama di kota-kota besar. Perlu
diketahui bahwa kualitas situs sangat ditentukan oleh kualitas designer. Semakin
banyak penguasaan web designer tentang beragam program/software pendukung
pembuatan situs maka akan dihasilkan situs yang semakin berkualitas, demikian pula
sebaliknya. Jasa web designer ini yang umumnya memerlukan biaya yang tertinggi dari
seluruh biaya pembangunan situs dan semuanya itu tergantu ng kualitas designer.
e. Publikasi
Keberadaan situs tidak ada gunanya dibangun tanpa dikunjungi atau dikenal oleh
masyarakat atau pengunjung internet. Karena efektif tidaknya situs sangat tergantung
dari besarnya pengunjung dan komentar yang masuk. Untuk mengenalkan situs kepada
masyarakat memerlukan apa yang disebut publikasi atau promosi.
Publikasi situs di masyarakat dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara seperti dengan
pamlet-pamlet, selebaran, baliho dan lain sebagainya tapi cara ini bisa dikatakan masih
kurang efektif dan sangat terbatas. cara yang biasanya dilakukan dan paling efektif
dengan tak terbatas ruang atau waktu adalah publikasi langsung di internet melalui
search engine-search engine(mesin pencari, spt : Yahoo, Google, Search Indonesia,
dsb)
Cara publikasi di search engine ada yang gratis dan ada pula yang membayar. Yang
gratis biasanya terbatas dan cukup lama untuk bisa masuk dan dikenali di search engine
terkenal seperti Yahoo atau Google. Cara efektif publikasi adalah dengan membayar,
walaupun harus sedikit mengeluarkan akan tetapi situs cepat masuk ke search engine
dan dikenal oleh pengunjung.
3. Pemeliharaan Web Site atau Situs
Untuk mendukung kelanjutan dari situs diperlukan pemeliharaan setiap waktu sesuai
yang diinginkan seperti penambahan informasi, berita, artikel, link, gambar atau lain
sebagainya. Tanpa pemeliharaan yang baik situs akan terkesan membosankan atau
monoton juga akan segera ditinggal pengunjung.
Pemeliharaan situs dapat dilakukan per periode tertentu seperti tiap hari, tiap minggu
atau tiap bulan sekali secara rutin atau secara periodik saja tergantung kebutuhan(tidak
rutin). Pemeliharaan rutin biasanya dipakai oleh situs-situs berita, penyedia artikel,
organisasi atau lembaga pemerintah. Sedangkan pemeliharaan periodik bisanya untuk
situs-situs pribadi, penjualan/e-commerce, dan lain sebagainya.
http://members.tripod.com/octa_haris/internet.html
A.Internet
1.Pengertian Internet
Internet dapat diartikan sebagai jaringan komputer luas dan besar yang mendunia, yaitu
menghubungkan pemakai komputer dari suatu negara ke negara lain di seluruh dunia,
dimana di dalamnya terdapat berbagai sumber daya informasi dari mulai yang statis
hingga yang dinamis dan interaktif.
2. Sejarah internet
Berikut sejarah kemunculan dan perkembangan internet.
Sejarah intenet dimulai pada 1969 ketika Departemen Pertahanan Amerika, U.S.
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA) memutuskan untuk
mengadakan riset tentang bagaimana caranya menghubungkan sejumlah komputer
sehingga membentuk jaringan organik. Program riset ini dikenal dengan nama
ARPANET. Pada 1970, sudah lebih dari 10 komputer yang berhasil dihubungkan satu
sama lain sehingga mereka bisa saling berkomunikasi dan membentuk sebuah jaringan.
Tahun 1972, Roy Tomlinson berhasil menyempurnakan program e-mail yang ia ciptakan
setahun yang lalu untuk ARPANET. Program e-mail ini begitu mudah sehingga langsung
menjadi populer. Pada tahun yang sama, icon @juga diperkenalkan sebagai lambang
penting yang menunjukkan "at" atau "pada". Tahun 1973, jaringan komputer ARPANET
mulai dikembangkan ke luar Amerika Serikat. Komputer University College di London
merupakan komputer pertama yang ada di luar Amerika yang menjadi anggota jaringan
Arpanet. Pada tahun yang sama, dua orang ahli komputer yakni Vinton Cerf dan Bob
Kahn mempresentasikan sebuah gagasan yang lebih besar, yang menjadi cikal bakal
pemikiran internet. Ide ini dipresentasikan untuk pertama kalinya di Universitas Sussex.
Hari bersejarah berikutnya adalah tanggal 26 Maret 1976, ketika Ratu Inggris berhasil
mengirimkan e-mail dari Royal Signals and Radar Establishment di Malvern. Setahun
kemudian, sudah lebih dari 100 komputer yang bergabung di ARPANET membentuk
sebuah jaringan atau network. Pada 1979, Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis dan Steve Bellovin,
menciptakan newsgroups pertama yang diberi nama USENET. Tahun 1981 France
Telecom menciptakan gebrakan dengan meluncurkan telpon televisi pertama, dimana
orang bisa saling menelpon sambil berhubungan dengan video link.
Karena komputer yang membentuk jaringan semakin hari semakin banyak, maka
dibutuhkan sebuah protokol resmi yang diakui oleh semua jaringan. Pada tahun 1982
dibentuk Transmission Control Protocol atau TCP dan Internet Protokol atau IP yang kita
kenal semua. Sementara itu di Eropa muncul jaringan komputer tandingan yang dikenal
dengan Eunet, yang menyediakan jasa jaringan komputer di negara-negara Belanda,
Inggris, Denmark dan Swedia. Jaringan Eunet menyediakan jasa e-mail dan newsgroup
USENET.
Untuk menyeragamkan alamat di jaringan komputer yang ada, maka pada tahun 1984
diperkenalkan sistem nama domain, yang kini kita kenal dengan DNS atau Domain
Name System. Komputer yang tersambung dengan jaringan yang ada sudah melebihi
1000 komputer lebih. Pada 1987 jumlah komputer yang tersambung ke jaringan
melonjak 10 kali lipat manjadi 10.000 lebih.
Tahun 1988, Jarko Oikarinen dari Finland menemukan dan sekaligus memperkenalkan
IRC atau Internet Relay Chat. Setahun kemudian, jumlah komputer yang saling
berhubungan kembali melonjak 10 kali lipat dalam setahun. Tak kurang dari 100.000
komputer kini membentuk sebuah jaringan. Tahun 1990 adalah tahun yang paling
bersejarah, ketika Tim Berners Lee menemukan program editor dan browser yang bisa
menjelajah antara satu komputer dengan komputer yang lainnya, yang membentuk
jaringan itu. Program inilah yang disebut www, atau Worl Wide Web.
Tahun 1992, komputer yang saling tersambung membentuk jaringan sudah melampaui
sejuta komputer, dan di tahun yang sama muncul istilah surfing the internet. Tahun
1994, situs internet telah tumbuh menjadi 3000 alamat halaman, dan untuk pertama
kalinya virtual-shopping atau e-retail muncul di internet. Dunia langsung berubah. Di
tahun yang sama Yahoo! didirikan, yang juga sekaligus kelahiran Netscape Navigator
1.0.
3. Manfaat internet
Secara umum ada banyak manfaat yang dapat diperoleh apabila seseorang mempunyai
akses ke internet .Berikut ini sebagian dari apa yang tersedia di internet: 1. Informasi
untuk kehidupan pribadi :kesehatan, rekreasi, hobby, pengembangan pribadi, rohani,
sosial. 2. Informasi untuk kehidupan profesional/pekerja :sains, teknologi, perdagangan,
saham, komoditas, berita bisnis, asosiasi profesi, asosiasi bisnis, berbagai forum
komunikasi.
Satu hal yang paling menarik ialah keanggotaan internet tidak mengenal batas negara,
ras, kelas ekonomi, ideologi atau faktor faktor lain yang biasanya dapat menghambat
pertukaran pikiran. Internet adalah suatu komunitas dunia yang sifatnya sangat
demokratis serta memiliki kode etik yang dihormati segenap anggotanya. Manfaat
internet terutama diperoleh melalui kerjasama antar pribadi atau kelompok tanpa
mengenal batas jarak dan waktu.
Untuk lebih meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia di Indonesia, sudah waktunya
para profesional Indonesia memanfaatkan jaringan internet dan menjadi bagian dari
masyarakat informasi dunia.
B. Web Site atau Situs
1.Pengertian Web Site atau Situs
Situs dapat diartikan sebagai kumpulan halaman-halaman yang digunakan untuk
menampilkan informasi, gambar gerak, suara, dan atau gabungan dari semuanya itu
baik yang bersifat statis maupun dinamis yang membentuk satu rangkaian bangunan
yang saling terkait dimana masing-masing dihubungkan dengan link-link.
2. Unsur-Unsur Web Site atau Situs
Untuk membangun situs diperlukan beberapa unsur yang harus ada agar situs dapat
berjalan dengan baik dan sesuai yang diharapkan. Unsur-unsur yang harus ada dalam
situs antara lain:
a. Domain Name Domain name atau biasa disebut nama domain adalah alamat
permanen situs di dunia internet yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi sebuah situs
atau dengan kata lain domain name adalah alamat yang digunakan untuk menemukan
situs kita pada dunia internet. Istilah yang umum digunakan adalah URL. Contoh sebuah
URL adalah http://www.octa_haris.tripod.com--dapat juga tanpa www--
Ada banyak macam nama domain yang dapat kita pilih sesuai dengan keinginan.
Berikut beberapa nama domain yang sering digunakan dan tersedia di internet:
1. Generic Domains(gTLDs)
Merupakan domain name yang berakhiran
dengan .Com .Net .Org .Edu .Mil atau .Gov. Jenis domain ini sering juga disebut top
level domain dan domain ini tidak berafiliasi berdasarkan negara, sehingga siapapun
dapat mendaftar.
Ø.com : merupakan top level domain yang ditujukan untuk kebutuhan "commercial".
Ø.edu : merupakan domain yang ditujukan untuk kebutuhan dunia pendidikan
(education)
Ø.gov : merupakan domain untuk pemerintahan (government)
Ø.mil : merupakan domain untuk kebutuhan angkatan bersenjata (military)
Ø.org : domain untuk organisasi atau lembaga non profit (Organization).
2. Country-Specific Domains (ccTLDs)
Yaitu domain yang berkaitan dengan dua huruf ekstensi, dan sering juga disebut second
level domain, seperti .id(Indonesia), .au(Australia), .jp(Jepang) dan lain lain. Domain ini
dioperasikan dan di daftarkan dimasing negara. Di Indonesia, domain-domain ini
berakhiran, .co.id, .ac.id, .go.id, .mil.id, .or.id, dan pada akhir-akhir ini ditambah dengan
war.net.id, .mil.id, dan web.id. Penggunaan dari masing-masing akhiran tersebut
berbeda tergantung pengguna dan pengunaannya, antara lain:
Ø.co.id : Untuk Badan Usaha yang mempunyai badan hukum sah
Ø.ac.id : Untuk Lembaga Pendidikan
Ø.go.id : Khusus untuk Lembaga Pemerintahan Republik Indonesia
Ø.mil.id : Khusus untuk Lembaga Militer Republik Indonesia
Ø.or.id : Untuk segala macam organisasi yand tidak termasuk dalam kategori
"ac.id","co.id","go.id","mil.id" dan lain
Ø.war.net.id : untuk industri warung internet di Indonesia
Ø.sch.id : khusus untuk Lembaga Pendidikan yang menyelenggarakan pendidikan
seperti SD, SMP dan atau SMU
Ø.web.id : Ditujukan bagi badan usaha, organisasi ataupun perseorangan yang
melakukan kegiatannya di Worl Wide Web.
Nama domain dari tiap-tiap situs di seluruh dunia tidak ada yang sama sehingga tidak
ada satupun situs yang akan dijumpai tertukar nama atau tertukar halaman situsnya.
Untuk memperoleh nama dilakukan penyewaan domain, biasanya dalam jangka
tertentu(tahunan).
b. Hosting
Hosting dapat diartikan sebagai ruangan yang terdapat dalam harddisk tempat
menyimpan berbagai data, file-file, gambar dan lain sebagainya yang akan ditampilkan
di situs. Besarnya data yang bisa dimasukkan tergantung dari besarnya hosting yang
disewa/dipunyai, semakin besar hosting semakin besar pula data yang dapat
dimasukkan dan ditampilkan dalam situs.
Hosting juga diperoleh dengan menyewa. Besarnya hosting ditentukan ruangan
harddisk dengan ukuran MB(Mega Byte) atau GB(Giga Byte).Lama penyewaan hosting
rata-rata dihitung per tahun. Penyewaan hosting dilakukan dari perusahaan-perusahaan
penyewa web hosting yang banyak dijumpai baik di Indonesia maupun Luar Negri.
c. Scripts/Bahasa Program
Adalah bahasa yang digunakan untuk menerjemahkan setiap perintah dalam situs yang
pada saat diakses. Jenis scripts sangat menentukan statis, dinamis atau interaktifnya
sebuah situs. Semakin banyak ragam scripts yang digunakan maka akan terlihat situs
semakin dinamis, dan interaktif serta terlihat bagus. Bagusnya situs dapat terlihat
dengan tanggapan pengunjung serta frekwensi kunjungan.
Beragam scripts saat ini telah hadir untuk mendukung kualitas situs. Jenis jenis scripts
yang banyak dipakai para designer antara lain HTML, ASP, PHP, JSP, Java Scripts,
Java applets dsb. Bahasa dasar yang dipakai setiap situs adalah HTML sedangkan ASP
dan lainnya merupakan bahasa pendukung yang bertindak sebagai pengatur dinamis,
dan interaktifnya situs.
Scripts ASP, PHP, JSP atau lainnya bisa dibuat sendiri, bisa juga dibeli dari para penjual
scripts yang biasanya berada di luar negri. Harga Scripts rata-rata sangat mahal karena
sulitnya membuat, biasanya mencapai puluhan juta. Scripts ini biasanya digunakan
untuk membangun portal berita, artikel, forum diskusi, buku tamu, anggota organisasi,
email, mailing list dan lain sebagainya yang memerlukan update setiap saat. Khusus
Jilbab Online menggunakan bahasa ASP(Active Server Pages).
d. Design Web
Setelah melakukan penyewaan domain dan hosting serta penguasaan scripts, unsur
situs yang paling penting dan utama adalah design. Design web sangat menentukan
kualitas dan keindahan situs. Design sangat berpengaruh kepada penilaian pengunjung
akan bagus tidaknya sebuah web site.
Untuk membuat situs biasanya dapat dilakukan sendiri atau menyewa jasa web
designer. Saat ini sangat banyak jasa web designer, terutama di kota-kota besar. Perlu
diketahui bahwa kualitas situs sangat ditentukan oleh kualitas designer. Semakin
banyak penguasaan web designer tentang beragam program/software pendukung
pembuatan situs maka akan dihasilkan situs yang semakin berkualitas, demikian pula
sebaliknya. Jasa web designer ini yang umumnya memerlukan biaya yang tertinggi dari
seluruh biaya pembangunan situs dan semuanya itu tergantu ng kualitas designer.
e. Publikasi
Keberadaan situs tidak ada gunanya dibangun tanpa dikunjungi atau dikenal oleh
masyarakat atau pengunjung internet. Karena efektif tidaknya situs sangat tergantung
dari besarnya pengunjung dan komentar yang masuk. Untuk mengenalkan situs kepada
masyarakat memerlukan apa yang disebut publikasi atau promosi.
Publikasi situs di masyarakat dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara seperti dengan
pamlet-pamlet, selebaran, baliho dan lain sebagainya tapi cara ini bisa dikatakan masih
kurang efektif dan sangat terbatas. cara yang biasanya dilakukan dan paling efektif
dengan tak terbatas ruang atau waktu adalah publikasi langsung di internet melalui
search engine-search engine(mesin pencari, spt : Yahoo, Google, Search Indonesia,
dsb)
Cara publikasi di search engine ada yang gratis dan ada pula yang membayar. Yang
gratis biasanya terbatas dan cukup lama untuk bisa masuk dan dikenali di search engine
terkenal seperti Yahoo atau Google. Cara efektif publikasi adalah dengan membayar,
walaupun harus sedikit mengeluarkan akan tetapi situs cepat masuk ke search engine
dan dikenal oleh pengunjung.
3. Pemeliharaan Web Site atau Situs
Untuk mendukung kelanjutan dari situs diperlukan pemeliharaan setiap waktu sesuai
yang diinginkan seperti penambahan informasi, berita, artikel, link, gambar atau lain
sebagainya. Tanpa pemeliharaan yang baik situs akan terkesan membosankan atau
monoton juga akan segera ditinggal pengunjung.
Pemeliharaan situs dapat dilakukan per periode tertentu seperti tiap hari, tiap minggu
atau tiap bulan sekali secara rutin atau secara periodik saja tergantung kebutuhan(tidak
rutin). Pemeliharaan rutin biasanya dipakai oleh situs-situs berita, penyedia artikel,
organisasi atau lembaga pemerintah. Sedangkan pemeliharaan periodik bisanya untuk
situs-situs pribadi, penjualan/e-commerce, dan lain sebagainya.
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